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Chemosphere

Title:		Method to analyze phthalate esters from soft toys dissolving into water mimicking infant playing
Author(s):		Jang M; Lee M; Yang H; Lee H; Park SB; Jeon H; Hwang SY; Kim HJ; Oh DX; Park J;
Address:		"Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. Core Research Facilities, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea. Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dongyeop@krict.re.kr. Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jeypark@sogang.ac.kr"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230418
Issue:
Page Number:		138695 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138695
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Along with bisphenol-A (BPA), conventional phthalate esters (PAEs) have been reported as environmental hormones, despite their functional usefulness as plasticizers. Nevertheless, they are frequently found in various products, including children's utensils and toys made of poly (vinyl chloride). This is tremendously important because PAEs are harmful to infants. In addition, gel/slime-type toys made of poly (vinyl alcohol) are currently popular for developing infant' tactile senses. In this study, we developed a method to qualitatively and quantitatively detect PAEs in gel/slime-type toys mimicking, infants playing with them in a bathtub. As a result, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), one of the PAE alternatives, transferred into the water from the toys and was detected most commonly (108-719 mug g(-1); 0.01-0.07 wt%) among PAEs. The detected DINCH levels were below the universally accepted levels for PAEs (0.1 wt%). However, the amount of DINCH detected could still be toxic, in accordance with toxicity tests using water fleas. Furthermore, unpleasant odors were emitted when the toys containing toxic volatile organic compounds were unpacked. This is the first study to develop a method to analyze PAE in gel/slime-type toys and determine that alternatives to conventional PAEs cannot be unconditionally regarded as safe chemicals. Therefore, the revised standards for regulating PAEs and their alternatives must be reconsidered"
Keywords:		"Child Humans Infant *Phthalic Acids Plasticizers Play and Playthings Household Products Esters Dibutyl Phthalate China 1, 2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester Phthalate alternative Phthalate ester Volatile organic compound Water flea poly(vinyl;"
Notes:		"MedlineJang, Min Lee, Minkyung Yang, Hyemin Lee, Huichan Park, Sung Bae Jeon, Hyeonyeol Hwang, Sung Yeon Kim, Hyo Jeong Oh, Dongyeop X Park, Jeyoung eng England 2023/04/21 Chemosphere. 2023 Jul; 330:138695. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138695. Epub 2023 Apr 18"