| Title: | The Ca(2+) sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals |
| Author(s): | Heyer M; Scholz SS; Reichelt M; Kunert G; Oelmuller R; Mithofer A; |
| Address: | "Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany. Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany. amithoefer@ice.mpg.de" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11103-021-01184-2 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1573-5028 (Electronic) 0167-4412 (Print) 0167-4412 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Calmodulin-like-proteins (CML) belong to a family of calcium-sensing proteins that are unique for plants and involved in many different developmental and stress-related reactions. In defense against herbivory, some pathogens and drought, CML37 acts as a positive and CML42 as a negative regulator, respectively. We provide evidence that both CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced defense responses. A double knock-out line, cml37 x cml42, thus shows wild-type phenotypes upon all kind of stresses we used. A transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first reactions that can be measured in plant cells upon abiotic as well as biotic stress treatments. These calcium signals are sensed by calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which transduce the sensed information into appropriate stress responses by interacting with downstream target proteins. In previous studies, CML37 has been shown to positively regulate the plants' defense against both the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response to drought stress. In contrast, CML42 is known to negatively regulate those two stress responses. Here, we provide evidence that these two CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced responses directed against drought and herbivory stress as well as in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Both CMLs shape the plant reactions by altering the phytohormone signaling. Consequently, the phytohormone-regulated production of defensive compounds like glucosinolates is also antagonistically mediated by both CMLs. The finding that CML37 and CML42 have antagonistic roles in diverse stress-related responses suggests that these calcium sensor proteins represent important tools for the plant to balance and fine-tune the signaling and downstream reactions upon environmental stress" |
| Keywords: | "*Arabidopsis/genetics *Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics Calcium/metabolism Calmodulin/genetics/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Herbivory Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Abscisic acid Alternaria brassicicola;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineHeyer, Monika Scholz, Sandra S Reichelt, Michael Kunert, Grit Oelmuller, Ralf Mithofer, Axel eng CRC1127/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ Netherlands 2021/09/02 Plant Mol Biol. 2022 Jul; 109(4-5):611-625. doi: 10.1007/s11103-021-01184-2. Epub 2021 Sep 1" |
