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Ecotoxicology

Title:		The allelopathic effects of invasive plant Solidago canadensis on seed germination and growth of Lactuca sativa enhanced by different types of acid deposition
Author(s):		Wang C; Xiao H; Zhao L; Liu J; Wang L; Zhang F; Shi Y; Du D;
Address:		"Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. liuyuexue623@163.com. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. ddl@ujs.edu.cn. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. ddl@ujs.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Ecotoxicology
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160129
Issue:		3
Page Number:		555 - 562
DOI:		10.1007/s10646-016-1614-1
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-3017 (Electronic) 0963-9292 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Invasive species can exhibit allelopathic effects on native species. Meanwhile, the types of acid deposition are gradually changing. Thus, the allelopathic effects of invasive species on seed germination and growth of native species may be altered or even enhanced under conditions with diversified acid deposition. This study aims to assess the allelopathic effects (using leaves extracts) of invasive plant Solidago canadensis on seed germination and growth of native species Lactuca sativa treated with five types of acid deposition with different SO4(2-) to NO3(-) ratios (1:0, sulfuric acid; 5:1, sulfuric-rich acid; 1:1, mixed acid; 1:5, nitric-rich acid; 0:1, nitric acid). Solidago canadensis leaf extracts exhibited significantly allelopathic effects on germination index, vigor index, and germination rate index of L. sativa. High concentration of S. canadensis leaf extracts also similarly exhibited significantly allelopathic effects on root length of L. sativa. This may be due to that S. canadensis could release allelochemicals and then trigger allelopathic effects on seed germination and growth of L. sativa. Acid deposition exhibited significantly negative effects on seedling biomass, root length, seedling height, germination index, vigor index, and germination rate index of L. sativa. This may be ascribed to the decreased soil pH values mediated by acid deposition which could produce toxic effects on seedling growth. Sulfuric acid deposition triggered more toxic effects on seedling biomass and vigor index of L. sativa than nitric acid deposition. This may be attributing to the difference in exchange capacity with hydroxyl groups (OH(-)) between SO4(2-) and NO3(-) as well as the fertilizing effects mediated by nitric deposition. All types of acid deposition significantly enhanced the allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on root length, germination index, vigor index, and germination rate index of L. sativa. This may be due to the negatively synergistic effects of acid deposition and S. canadensis on seed germination and growth of L. sativa. The ratio of SO4(2-) to NO3(-) in acid deposition was an important factor that profoundly affected the allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on the seed germination and growth of L. sativa possibly because the difference in exchange capacity with hydroxyl groups (OH(-)) between SO4(2-) and NO3(-) as well as the fertilizing effects triggered by nitric deposition. Thus, the allelopathic effects of invasive species on seed germination and growth of native plants might be enhanced under increased and diversified acid deposition"
Keywords:		Environmental Monitoring Germination/*drug effects *Introduced Species Lettuce/*drug effects Pheromones/*toxicity Soil/*chemistry Soil Pollutants/*toxicity Solidago/*physiology Acid deposition Allelopathic effects Invasive plant Seed germination Solidago;
Notes:		"MedlineWang, Congyan Xiao, Hongguang Zhao, Lulu Liu, Jun Wang, Lei Zhang, Fei Shi, Yanchun Du, Daolin eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2016/01/31 Ecotoxicology. 2016 Apr; 25(3):555-62. doi: 10.1007/s10646-016-1614-1. Epub 2016 Jan 29"