| Title: | Detection of Counterfeit Perfumes by Using GC-MS Technique and Electronic Nose System Combined with Chemometric Tools |
| Author(s): | Aghoutane Y; Brebu M; Moufid M; Ionescu R; Bouchikhi B; El Bari N; |
| Address: | "Biosensors and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco. Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco. 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania. Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2072-666X (Print) 2072-666X (Electronic) 2072-666X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The Scientific Committee on Cosmetic and Non-Food Products has identified 26 compounds that may cause contact allergy in consumers when present in concentrations above certain legal thresholds in a product. Twenty-four of these compounds are volatiles and can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or electronic nose (e-nose) technologies. This manuscript first describes the use of the GC-MS approach to identify the main volatile compounds present in the original perfumes and their counterfeit samples. The second part of this work focusses on the ability of an e-nose system to discriminate between the original fragrances and their counterfeits. The analyses were carried out using the headspace of the aqueous solutions. GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 10 allergens in the perfume samples, some of which were only found in the imitated fragrances. The e-nose system achieved a fair discrimination between most of the fragrances analyzed, with the counterfeit fragrances being clearly separated from the original perfumes. It is shown that associating the e-nose system to the appropriate classifier successfully solved the classification task. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the three first principal components represented 98.09% of the information in the database" |
| Keywords: | Gc-ms allergens counterfeit electronic nose perfumes volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEAghoutane, Youssra Brebu, Mihai Moufid, Mohammed Ionescu, Radu Bouchikhi, Benachir El Bari, Nezha eng 645758/European Commission/ Switzerland 2023/03/30 Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Feb 24; 14(3):524. doi: 10.3390/mi14030524" |
