| Title: | Communication via extracellular vesicles enhances viral infection of a cosmopolitan alga |
| Author(s): | Schatz D; Rosenwasser S; Malitsky S; Wolf SG; Feldmesser E; Vardi A; |
| Address: | "Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. assaf.vardi@weizmann.ac.il" |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41564-017-0024-3 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2058-5276 (Electronic) 2058-5276 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Communication between microorganisms in the marine environment has immense ecological impact by mediating trophic-level interactions and thus determining community structure (1) . Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by bacteria (2,3) , archaea (4) , protists (5) and metazoans, and can mediate pathogenicity (6) or act as vectors for intercellular communication. However, little is known about the involvement of EVs in microbial interactions in the marine environment (7) . Here we investigated the signalling role of EVs produced during interactions between the cosmopolitan alga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific virus (EhV, Phycodnaviridae) (8) , which leads to the demise of these large-scale oceanic blooms (9,10) . We found that EVs are highly produced during viral infection or when bystander cells are exposed to infochemicals derived from infected cells. These vesicles have a unique lipid composition that differs from that of viruses and their infected host cells, and their cargo is composed of specific small RNAs that are predicted to target sphingolipid metabolism and cell-cycle pathways. EVs can be internalized by E. huxleyi cells, which consequently leads to a faster viral infection dynamic. EVs can also prolong EhV half-life in the extracellular milieu. We propose that EVs are exploited by viruses to sustain efficient infectivity and propagation across E. huxleyi blooms. As these algal blooms have an immense impact on the cycling of carbon and other nutrients (11,12) , this mode of cell-cell communication may influence the fate of the blooms and, consequently, the composition and flow of nutrients in marine microbial food webs" |
| Keywords: | Carbon/metabolism Cell Cycle/physiology Eutrophication/physiology Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry/*metabolism Haptophyta/*virology Host-Pathogen Interactions Lipid Metabolism *Microbial Interactions Oceans and Seas Phycodnaviridae/*metabolism/pathogenici; |
| Notes: | "MedlineSchatz, Daniella Rosenwasser, Shilo Malitsky, Sergey Wolf, Sharon G Feldmesser, Ester Vardi, Assaf eng England 2017/09/20 Nat Microbiol. 2017 Nov; 2(11):1485-1492. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0024-3. Epub 2017 Sep 18" |
