| Title: | Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) responses to volatile emissions associated with ethanol-injected Magnolia virginiana |
| Author(s): | Ranger CM; Reding ME; Schultz PB; Oliver JB; |
| Address: | "USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Application Technology Research Unit, Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, Wooster, OH 44691, USA. christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1938-2936 (Electronic) 0046-225X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and other species of ambrosia beetles are key pests of ornamental nursery trees. A variety of laboratory- and field-based experiments were conducted in pursuit of improved monitoring strategies and to develop a trap tree strategy for ambrosia beetles. Traps baited with bolts prepared from Magnolia virginiana L. injected with ethanol caught five times more X. germanus than ethanol-baited traps. Basal stem injections of ethanol into M. virginiana induced more ambrosia beetle attacks than irrigating or baiting with ethanol, and no attacks occurred on water-injected trees. A positive correlation was also detected between concentration of injected ethanol and cumulative attacks. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterized bark emissions from ethanol- and water-injected M. virginiana at 1, 2, 10, and 16 d after treatment. Ethanol emission from injected trees steadily declined from 1 to 16 d after treatment, but was not emitted from water-injected trees. A variety of monoterpenes were also emitted in trace amounts from the ethanol- and water-injected trees. Antennal responses of X. germanus via gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection to volatiles from ethanol-injected M. virginiana occurred for ethanol, but not the various monoterpenes. X. germanus and other ambrosia beetles were also equally attracted to traps baited with ethanol alone compared with a synthetic mixture of ethanol plus various monoterpenes formulated to mimic ethanol-injected M. virginiana. Injecting concentrated solutions of ethanol into trees may be useful for establishing odor-based trap trees, which could aid with monitoring programs and/or potentially deflect ambrosia beetles away from valuable nursery stock" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Arthropod Antennae/drug effects Chromatography, Gas Ethanol/*pharmacology Female Insect Control/instrumentation/*methods Magnolia/chemistry/*metabolism Mass Spectrometry Monoterpenes/*pharmacology Pheromones/*pharmacology Solid Phase Microextracti;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineRanger, Christopher M Reding, Michael E Schultz, Peter B Oliver, Jason B eng Evaluation Study Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2012/06/27 Environ Entomol. 2012 Jun; 41(3):636-47. doi: 10.1603/EN11299" |
