| Title: | (Eco)toxicity and biodegradability of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids |
| Author(s): | Peric B; Sierra J; Marti E; Cruanas R; Garau MA; Arning J; Bottin-Weber U; Stolte S; |
| Address: | "Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: brezana@hotmail.com" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.070 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-3336 (Electronic) 0304-3894 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising group of compounds with a large variety of possible structures and uses. They are considered as a potential 'green' replacement for traditional volatile organic solvents, but their impact on the environment is often neglected or not studied enough. In the present study, selected representatives of two ILs groups were analyzed: a new family of protic ILs (derived from aliphatic amines and organic acids) and some frequently used aprotic ILs (substituted imidazolium and piridinium chlorides). The aquatic toxicity (test organisms Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor) and biodegradability tests were carried out. The additional tests with enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and leukemia rat cells (IPC-81) provided more in-depth evaluation of toxicity. In our comparative hazard assessment protic ILs have EC50 values >100 mg L(-1) in all of the tests performed, except in the case of three representatives toward Lemna minor. They also show good biodegradability rates. The EC50 values for aprotic ILs are various orders of magnitude lower than the ones for protic ILs in most of the tests and they show a lower biodegradability potential. These findings indicate that protic ILs can be considered as environmentally safer alternatives for more toxic ILs and organic solvents" |
| Keywords: | "Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism Aliivibrio fischeri/drug effects/metabolism Animals Araceae/drug effects/growth & development Biodegradation, Environmental Cell Line, Tumor Cell Survival/drug effects Chlorophyta/drug effects/growth & development Daphnia/d;" |
| Notes: | "MedlinePeric, Brezana Sierra, Jordi Marti, Esther Cruanas, Robert Garau, Maria Antonia Arning, Jurgen Bottin-Weber, Ulrike Stolte, Stefan eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2013/08/06 J Hazard Mater. 2013 Oct 15; 261:99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.070. Epub 2013 Jul 6" |
