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Molecules

Title:		"Exploration and Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum: GC-MS Analysis, Phytochemical Profiling, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity Assessment"
Author(s):		Lakhdari W; Benyahia I; Bouhenna MM; Bendif H; Khelafi H; Bachir H; Ladjal A; Hammi H; Mouhoubi D; Khelil H; Alomar TS; AlMasoud N; Boufafa N; Boufahja F; Dehliz A;
Address:		"National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, Touggourt 30200, Algeria. Valcore Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria. Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Desert Environments, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Material Sciences, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria. Scientific and Technical Center of Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Bou-Ismail 42004, Algeria. Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of M'sila, M'sila 28000, Algeria. Division of Hydraulic and Bioclimatology, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), Algers 16000, Algeria. SARL SINAL, Oran 31000, Algeria. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"
Journal Title:		Molecules
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230627
Issue:		13
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/molecules28135025
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study, we investigated in vitro the potential of Trichoderma harzianum to produce bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used as alternatives to synthetic compounds. The study focused on analyzing two extracts of T. harzianum using ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents with different polarities. The extracts were examined using phytochemical analysis to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis were used to profile volatile organic metabolites (VOCs) present in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts were tested for their antifungal ability using the poison food technique. For measuring antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. Trichoderma harzianum was shown to have a significantly high content of tannins and alkaloids, with a noticeable difference between the two extracts. GC-MS analysis identified 33 potential compounds with numerous benefits that could be used in agriculture and the medicinal industry. Moreover, strong antifungal activity was identified against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by 94.44%, Alternaria sp. by 77.04%, and Fusarium solani by 51.48; similarly, the IC(50) of antioxidant activity was estimated for ethyl acetate extract by 71.47% and n-butanol extract by 56.01%. This leads to the conclusion that Trichoderma harzianum VOCs play a significant role as an antifungal and antioxidant agent when taking into account the advantageous bioactive chemicals noted in the extracts. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study in Algeria presenting detailed phytochemical analysis and GC-MS profiling of Trichoderma harzianum for two extracts, ethyl acetate and n-butanol"
Keywords:		*Antifungal Agents/chemistry Antioxidants/pharmacology/metabolism Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 1-Butanol Phytochemicals/pharmacology/metabolism Tannins/metabolism Plant Extracts/chemistry *Trichoderma/metabolism Trichoderma harzianum antifungal an;
Notes:		"MedlineLakhdari, Wassima Benyahia, Ibtissem Bouhenna, Mustapha Mounir Bendif, Hamdi Khelafi, Hafida Bachir, Hakim Ladjal, Amel Hammi, Hamida Mouhoubi, Dajwahir Khelil, Hanane Alomar, Taghrid S AlMasoud, Najla Boufafa, Nabil Boufahja, Fehmi Dehliz, Abderrahmene eng Switzerland 2023/07/14 Molecules. 2023 Jun 27; 28(13):5025. doi: 10.3390/molecules28135025"