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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"A high-resolution typical pollution source emission inventory and pollution source changes during the COVID-19 lockdown in a megacity, China"
Author(s):		Hu X; Liu Q; Fu Q; Xu H; Shen Y; Liu D; Wang Y; Jia H; Cheng J;
Address:		"China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai, 200235, China. Shanghai Environmental Protection Information Center, Shanghai, 200235, China. China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. jpcheng@sjtu.edu.cn. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. jpcheng@sjtu.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210416
Issue:		33
Page Number:		45344 - 45352
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-020-11858-x
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Print) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"To control the spread of COVID-19, China has imposed national lockdown policies to restrict the movement of its population since the Chinese New Year of January 2020. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the changes of pollution sources in Shanghai during the COVID-19 lockdown; a high-resolution emission inventory of typical pollution sources including stationary source, mobile source, and oil and gas storage and transportation source was established based on pollution source data from January to February 2020. The results show that the total emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 9520.2, 37,978.6, 2796.7, and 7236.9 tons, respectively, during the study period. Affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, the mobile source experienced the largest decline. The car mileage and oil sales decreased by about 80% during the COVID-19 lockdown (P3) when compared with those during the pre-Spring Festival (P1). The number of aircraft activity decreased by approximately 50%. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on industries such as iron and steel and petrochemicals was less significant, while the greater impact was on coatings, chemicals, rubber, and plastic. The emissions of SO(2), NO(x), PM(2.5), and VOCs decreased by 11%, 39%, 37%, and 47%, respectively, during P3 when compared with those during P1. The results show that the measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic made a significant contribution to emission reductions. This study may provide a reference for other countries to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on emissions and help establish regulatory actions to improve air quality"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution/analysis *covid-19 China Communicable Disease Control Environmental Monitoring Humans Particulate Matter/analysis SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 Emission inventory High-resolution Megacity Pollution source Uncertainty analysis;
Notes:		"MedlineHu, Xue Liu, Qizhen Fu, Qingyan Xu, Hao Shen, Yin Liu, Dengguo Wang, Yue Jia, Haohao Cheng, Jinping eng NO.91644221/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ NO.21777094/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ NO.2019(11)/Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment/ Germany 2021/04/18 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep; 28(33):45344-45352. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11858-x. Epub 2021 Apr 16"