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PLoS One

Title:		Evolutionary patterns and selective pressures of odorant/pheromone receptor gene families in teleost fishes
Author(s):		Hashiguchi Y; Furuta Y; Nishida M;
Address:		"Division of Molecular Marine Biology, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yhashi@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2008
Volume:		20081231
Issue:		12
Page Number:		e4083 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0004083
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Teleost fishes do not have a vomeronasal organ (VNO), and their vomeronasal receptors (V1Rs, V2Rs) are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), as are odorant receptors (ORs) and trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). In this study, to obtain insights into the functional distinction among the four chemosensory receptor families in teleost fishes, their evolutionary patterns were examined in zebrafish, medaka, stickleback, fugu, and spotted green pufferfish. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many lineage-specific gene gains and losses occurred in the teleost fish TAARs, whereas only a few gene gains and losses have taken place in the teleost fish vomeronasal receptors. In addition, synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rate ratios (K(A)/K(S)) in TAARs tended to be higher than those in ORs and V2Rs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Frequent gene gains/losses and high K(A)/K(S) in teleost TAARs suggest that receptors in this family are used for detecting some species-specific chemicals such as pheromones. Conversely, conserved repertoires of V1R and V2R families in teleost fishes may imply that receptors in these families perceive common odorants for teleosts, such as amino acids. Teleost ORs showed intermediate evolutionary pattern between TAARs and vomeronasal receptors. Many teleost ORs seem to be used for common odorants, but some ORs may have evolved to recognize lineage-specific odors"
Keywords:		"Animals *Evolution, Molecular Fishes/classification/*genetics Oryzias/genetics Phylogeny Receptors, Odorant/*genetics Receptors, Pheromone/*genetics Species Specificity Takifugu/genetics Tetraodontiformes/genetics Zebrafish/genetics;"
Notes:		"MedlineHashiguchi, Yasuyuki Furuta, Yoshimi Nishida, Mutsumi eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2009/01/01 PLoS One. 2008; 3(12):e4083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004083. Epub 2008 Dec 31"