« Previous AbstractDelta13C stable isotope analysis of atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry    Next AbstractCrowd monitoring in dairy cattle-real-time VOC profiling by direct mass spectrometry »

Heliyon

Title:		Hydrothermal conversion of toilet waste: effect of processing conditions on gas phase emissions
Author(s):		Gielen G; Andrews JP; Karbiwnyk CM; Riddell MJC; Husheer SW; Gapes DJ;
Address:		"Scion, Titokorangi Drive, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"
Journal Title:		Heliyon
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220613
Issue:		6
Page Number:		e09708 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09708
ISSN/ISBN:		2405-8440 (Print) 2405-8440 (Electronic) 2405-8440 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Globally, many populations suffer from a lack of access to basic sanitation facilities. This is partly caused by a combination of water resource shortages and the high cost of conventional centralised treatment systems. A novel decentralised treatment technology based on sub-critical hydrothermal processing of organic wastes at toilet-scale, contributes to addressing these economic and resource limitations. To be effective, this technology needs to satisfy a broad range of environmental and safety considerations, including the nature and quantity of formed gas products. We investigated the impact of four process parameters (temperature; O(2): COD ratio (lambda); time; feed solids content) on off-gas composition by quantifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO, H(2) and CO(2) in factorial experiments. Temperature and lambda influenced VOCs generation greatly. The lowest VOC emissions occurred at 200% lambda and 300 degrees C. Aldehydes and ketones were mostly generated at 200% lambda and intermediate temperatures, sulphur compounds in the absence of oxygen, and aromatics, furans, and pyrroles at intermediate oxygen levels and elevated temperatures. Most CO was created at 300 degrees C but its concentration decreased at longer processing times. Processing conditions have complex impacts and require careful consideration when designing for real world deployment"
Keywords:		Carbon monoxide Decentralised sanitation Hydrothermal Toilet waste Volatile organic compounds Wet oxidation;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEGielen, Gerty J H P Andrews, John P Karbiwnyk, Christine M Riddell, Mark J C Husheer, Sean W Gapes, Daniel J eng England 2022/06/28 Heliyon. 2022 Jun 13; 8(6):e09708. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09708. eCollection 2022 Jun"