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Environ Health Perspect

Title:		"Commentary on effects of anthropogenic and natural organic chemicals on development, swimming behavior, and reproduction of Daphnia, a key member of aquatic ecosystems"
Author(s):		Dodson SI; Hanazato T;
Address:		"Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA"
Journal Title:		Environ Health Perspect
Year:		1995
Volume:		103 Suppl 4
Issue:		Suppl 4
Page Number:		7 - 11
DOI:		10.1289/ehp.95103s47
ISSN/ISBN:		0091-6765 (Print) 0091-6765 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Because of their trophodynamic role, small invertebrates are often critical components of ecosystems. An especially important group of freshwater invertebrates is the water fleas of the genus Daphnia. These animals are often the dominant herbivores in lakes and ponds. They play a key role in determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by predators affect the development, life history strategy, and behavior of zooplankton. Laboratory studies of anthropogenic chemicals that have biological activity (xenobiotics), such as the insecticide carbaryl, have demonstrated effects of concentrations in the 1 to 5 ppb range on Daphnia development, growth rate, and swimming behavior in our laboratory experiments. Low concentrations of carbaryl inhibit growth and reproduction and delay maturation, whereas survivorship was not effected. These sublethal exposures to carbaryl reduced Daphnia population growth rate (productivity) by about 15% (at 5 ppb), enough to have significant ecological effects on the rest of the lake community. The insecticide carbaryl showed synergistic interactions with natural chemicals associated with predators (kairomones) that modify Daphnia development and life history characteristic. In addition, there were complex synergisms between carbaryl, the predator odors, and oxygen concentration (low oxygen concentration can be either a natural environmental stress or an anthropogenic stress). Daphnia produce males facultatively, usually in late fall; at other times, reproduction is asexual.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
Keywords:		Animals Carbaryl/adverse effects Daphnia/growth & development/*physiology *Ecosystem Female *Fresh Water Insecticides/adverse effects Male Reproduction/*drug effects/physiology Swimming/*physiology Xenobiotics/*adverse effects;
Notes:		"MedlineDodson, S I Hanazato, T eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 1995/05/01 Environ Health Perspect. 1995 May; 103 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):7-11. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103s47"