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Int J Mol Sci

Title:		Theranostic Probes for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview
Author(s):		Sikkandhar MG; Nedumaran AM; Ravichandar R; Singh S; Santhakumar I; Goh ZC; Mishra S; Archunan G; Gulyas B; Padmanabhan P;
Address:		"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. musafargani030495@gmail.com. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. mnmaashaa@gmail.com. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. rupsravi@gmail.com. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. saabsatnam01@gmail.com. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. indup1893@gmail.com. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. zgoh009@e.ntu.edu.sg. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. sachin.mishra@ntu.edu.sg. Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India. archunan@bdu.ac.in. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. balazs.gulyas@ntu.edu.sg. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. ppadmanabhan@ntu.edu.sg"
Journal Title:		Int J Mol Sci
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170511
Issue:		5
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijms18051036
ISSN/ISBN:		1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Long gone is the time when tumors were thought to be insular masses of cells, residing independently at specific sites in an organ. Now, researchers gradually realize that tumors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood vessels, connective tissues, and immune cells in their environment, which is now known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been found that the interactions between tumors and their surrounds promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The dynamics and diversity of TME cause the tumors to be heterogeneous and thus pose a challenge for cancer diagnosis, drug design, and therapy. As TME is significant in enhancing tumor progression, it is vital to identify the different components in the TME such as tumor vasculature, ECM, stromal cells, and the lymphatic system. This review explores how these significant factors in the TME, supply tumors with the required growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate, invade, and metastasize. We also examine the development of TME-targeted nanotheranostics over the recent years for cancer therapy, diagnosis, and anticancer drug delivery systems. This review further discusses the limitations and future perspective of nanoparticle based theranostics when used in combination with current imaging modalities like Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT))"
Keywords:		"Animals Diagnostic Imaging Disease Models, Animal Drug Delivery Systems Humans Mice Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*therapy Theranostic Nanomedicine/*methods *Tumor Microenvironment imaging nanoparticle nanotheronostics probe tumor microenvironment;"
Notes:		"MedlineSikkandhar, Musafar Gani Nedumaran, Anu Maashaa Ravichandar, Roopa Singh, Satnam Santhakumar, Induja Goh, Zheng Cong Mishra, Sachin Archunan, Govindaraju Gulyas, Balazs Padmanabhan, Parasuraman eng Review Switzerland 2017/05/12 Int J Mol Sci. 2017 May 11; 18(5):1036. doi: 10.3390/ijms18051036"