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BMC Plant Biol

Title:		Rice defense responses are induced upon leaf rolling by an insect herbivore
Author(s):		Shi JH; Sun Z; Hu XJ; Jin H; Foba CN; Liu H; Wang C; Liu L; Li FF; Wang MQ;
Address:		"College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. mqwang@mail.hzau.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		BMC Plant Biol
Year:		2019
Volume:		20191125
Issue:		1
Page Number:		514 -
DOI:		10.1186/s12870-019-2116-0
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2229 (Electronic) 1471-2229 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Plant defense against herbivores begins with perception. The earlier plant detects the harm, the greater plant will benefit in its arm race with the herbivore. Before feeding, the larvae of the rice pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, initially spin silk and fold up a leaf. Rice can detect and protect itself against C. medinalis feeding. However, whether rice could perceive C. medinalis leaf rolling behavior is currently unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of leaf rolling by C. medinalis and artificial leaf rolling in rice plant defense and its indirect effect on two important C. medinalis parasitoids (Itoplectis naranyae and Apanteles sp.) through a combination of volatile profiling, gene-transcriptional and phytohormonal profiling. RESULTS: Natural leaf rolling by C. medinalis resulted in an increased attraction of I. naranyae when compared to the undamaged plant after 12 h. Volatile analysis revealed that six out of a total 22 components significantly increased in the headspace of C. medinalis rolled plant when compared to undamaged plant. Principal component analysis of these components revealed similarities in the headspace of undamaged plant and artificially rolled plant while the headspace volatiles of C. medinalis rolled plant deferred significantly. Leaf rolling and feeding by C. medinalis up-regulated the plant transcriptome and a series of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) related genes. While feeding significantly increased JA level after 12 to 36 h, rolling significantly increased SA level after 2 to 12 h. Compared to artificial rolling, natural rolling significantly increased JA level after 36 h and SA level after 2 and 12 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that natural leaf rolling by C. medinalis can be perceived by rice plant. The detection of this behavior may serve as an early warning signal in favor of the rice plant defenses against C. medinalis"
Keywords:		"Animals Cyclopentanes/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Herbivory Moths/physiology Oryza/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*parasitology Oxylipins/metabolism Plant Diseases/genetics/immunology/*parasitology Plant Leaves/parasitology Salicylic Acid;"
Notes:		"MedlineShi, Jin-Hua Sun, Ze Hu, Xin-Jun Jin, Huanan Foba, Caroline Ngichop Liu, Hao Wang, Chao Liu, Le Li, Feng-Feng Wang, Man-Qun eng 2017YFE0113900/the National Key Research and Development Program/ England 2019/11/27 BMC Plant Biol. 2019 Nov 25; 19(1):514. doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-2116-0"