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World J Gastroenterol

Title:		Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds
Author(s):		Chan DK; Leggett CL; Wang KK;
Address:		"Daniel K Chan, Cadman L Leggett, Kenneth K Wang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"
Journal Title:		World J Gastroenterol
Year:		2016
Volume:		22
Issue:		4
Page Number:		1639 - 1649
DOI:		10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1639
ISSN/ISBN:		2219-2840 (Electronic) 1007-9327 (Print) 1007-9327 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. Despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the VOCs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. These are the gases that vary among individuals in sickness and in health, in dietary changes, and in gut microbial activity. Electronic nose devices are analytical and pattern recognition platforms that can utilize mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors to detect these VOCs in gas samples. When paired with machine-learning and pattern recognition algorithms, this can identify patterns of VOCs, and thus patterns of smell, that can be used to identify disease states. In this review, we provide a clinical background of VOC identification, electronic nose development, and review gastroenterology applications toward diagnosing disease by the volatile headspace analysis of stool"
Keywords:		"Algorithms Biomarkers/analysis Biosensing Techniques/*instrumentation Electrochemical Techniques *Electronic Nose Feces/*chemistry Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diagnosis/metabolism Humans Machine Learning Mass Spectrometry *Odorants Pattern Recognition, Aut;"
Notes:		"MedlineChan, Daniel K Leggett, Cadman L Wang, Kenneth K eng P30 CA015083/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U01 CA182940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U54 CA163004/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 2016/01/29 World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan 28; 22(4):1639-49. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1639"