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J Econ Entomol

Title:		"Pheromone-based action thresholds for control of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and residual insecticide efficacy in cole crops"
Author(s):		Hallett RH; Sears MK;
Address:		"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, ON Canada N1G 2W1. rhallett@uoguelph.ca"
Journal Title:		J Econ Entomol
Year:		2013
Volume:		106
Issue:		1
Page Number:		267 - 276
DOI:		10.1603/ec12243
ISSN/ISBN:		0022-0493 (Print) 0022-0493 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer), is an invasive gall midge causing economic damage to cole crops (Brassica oleracea L.) and other crucifers in eastern Canada and United States. An effective decision-making tool for timing insecticide applications is a critical part of an integrated pest management program against C. nasturtii. Experiments were undertaken over 2 yr and at three locations in southern Ontario to develop pheromone-based action thresholds for C. nasturtii in cabbage and broccoli. An economic comparison between action threshold and calendar insecticide regimes was undertaken. The threshold approach was both economically viable and successful at minimizing swede midge damage for cabbage, and an action threshold of five males per trap per day with a minimum 7 d retreatment interval successfully reduced damage to acceptable levels. However, this approach was not successful with broccoli, which, unlike cabbage, is susceptible to damage by C. nasturtii through all plant stages, including heading. Acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin both demonstrated approximately 7 d residual activity against C. nasturtii. Registration labels for both insecticides specify a minimum 7 d retreatment interval, which is supported by residual efficacy results. More effective insecticidal products may have longer residual efficacy and improve efficacy of the action threshold approach for broccoli and cabbage"
Keywords:		Animals *Brassica *Diptera Insect Control/economics/*methods Insecticides/*administration & dosage Male Sex Attractants/*administration & dosage;
Notes:		"MedlineHallett, Rebecca H Sears, Mark K eng Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2013/03/02 J Econ Entomol. 2013 Feb; 106(1):267-76. doi: 10.1603/ec12243"