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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev

Title:		"Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study"
Author(s):		Etemadi A; Poustchi H; Chang CM; Blount BC; Calafat AM; Wang L; De Jesus VR; Pourshams A; Shakeri R; Shiels MS; Inoue-Choi M; Ambrose BK; Christensen CH; Wang B; Murphy G; Ye X; Bhandari D; Feng J; Xia B; Sosnoff CS; Kamangar F; Brennan P; Boffetta P; Dawsey SM; Abnet CC; Malekzadeh R; Freedman ND;
Address:		"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. arash.etemadi@nih.gov malek@ams.ac.ir. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, New York, New York. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. arash.etemadi@nih.gov malek@ams.ac.ir"
Journal Title:		Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190108
Issue:		2
Page Number:		337 - 347
DOI:		10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743
ISSN/ISBN:		1538-7755 (Electronic) 1055-9965 (Print) 1055-9965 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: How carcinogen exposure varies across users of different, particularly noncigarette, tobacco products remains poorly understood. METHODS: We randomly selected 165 participants of the Golestan Cohort Study from northeastern Iran: 60 never users of any tobacco, 35 exclusive cigarette, 40 exclusive (78% daily) waterpipe, and 30 exclusive smokeless tobacco (nass) users. We measured concentrations of 39 biomarkers of exposure in 4 chemical classes in baseline urine samples: tobacco alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). We also quantified the same biomarkers in a second urine sample, obtained 5 years later, among continuing cigarette smokers and never tobacco users. RESULTS: Nass users had the highest concentrations of tobacco alkaloids. All tobacco users had elevated TSNA concentrations, which correlated with nicotine dose. In both cigarette and waterpipe smokers, PAH and VOC biomarkers were higher than never tobacco users and nass users, and highly correlated with nicotine dose. PAH biomarkers of phenanthrene and pyrene and two VOC metabolites (phenylmercapturic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid) were higher in waterpipe smokers than in all other groups. PAH biomarkers among Golestan never tobacco users were comparable to those in U.S. cigarette smokers. All biomarkers had moderate to good correlations over 5 years, particularly in continuing cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: We observed two patterns of exposure biomarkers that differentiated the use of the combustible products (cigarettes and waterpipe) from the smokeless product. Environmental exposure from nontobacco sources appeared to contribute to the presence of high levels of PAH metabolites in the Golestan Cohort. IMPACT: Most of these biomarkers would be useful for exposure assessment in a longitudinal study"
Keywords:		"Adult Alkaloids/urine Biomarkers, Tumor/*urine Carcinogens/*analysis Cohort Studies Humans Iran Middle Aged Nitrosamines/urine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/urine Smoking/*urine Tobacco Products Tobacco Use/*urine Tobacco, Smokeless Volatile Organic Co;"
Notes:		"MedlineEtemadi, Arash Poustchi, Hossein Chang, Cindy M Blount, Benjamin C Calafat, Antonia M Wang, Lanqing De Jesus, Victor R Pourshams, Akram Shakeri, Ramin Shiels, Meredith S Inoue-Choi, Maki Ambrose, Bridget K Christensen, Carol H Wang, Baoguang Murphy, Gwen Ye, Xiaoyun Bhandari, Deepak Feng, Jun Xia, Baoyun Sosnoff, Connie S Kamangar, Farin Brennan, Paul Boffetta, Paolo Dawsey, Sanford M Abnet, Christian C Malekzadeh, Reza Freedman, Neal D eng Z99 CA999999/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/ C20/A5860/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2019/01/10 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Feb; 28(2):337-347. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. Epub 2019 Jan 8"