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Sci Total Environ

Title:		"Selenium distribution and speciation in plant parts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) from a seleniferous area of Punjab, India"
Author(s):		Eiche E; Bardelli F; Nothstein AK; Charlet L; Gottlicher J; Steininger R; Dhillon KS; Sadana US;
Address:		"Institute of Mineralogy & Geochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: elisabeth.eiche@kit.edu. Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Universite Grenoble I, 1381 rue de la Piscine, 38400 Grenoble, France. Institute of Mineralogy & Geochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2015
Volume:		20141107
Issue:
Page Number:		952 - 961
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.080
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The concentration, distribution, and speciation of selenium in different parts of wheat and Indian mustard, grown in a seleniferous area in Punjab, were investigated using synchrotron based (XAS) and classical acid digestion and extraction methods. The analyses revealed a high Se enrichment in all investigated plant parts, with Se levels in the range of 133-931 mg/kg (dry weight, dw). Such high Se enrichment is mainly due to the considerable amounts of easily available Se detected in the soil, which are renewed on a yearly basis to some extent via irrigation. Speciation analysis in soil and plants indicated selenate and organic Se as major Se species taken up by plants, with a minor presence of selenite. The analyses also revealed that the highest Se enrichment occurs in the upper plant parts, in agreement with the high uptake rate and mobility of selenate within plants. In both wheat and mustard, highest Se enrichments were found in leaves (387 mg/kg.dw in wheat and 931 mg/kg.dw in mustard). Organic species (dimethylselenide and methylselenocysteine) were found in different parts of both plants, indicating that an active detoxification response to the high Se uptake is taking place through methylation and/or volatilization. The high proportion of selenate in wheat and mustard leaves (47% and 70%, respectively) is the result of the inability of the plant metabolism to completely transform selenate to non-toxic organic forms, if oversupplied. Methylselenocysteine, a common Se species in accumulating plants, was detected in wheat, suggesting that, in the presence of high Se concentration, this plant develops similar response mechanisms to accumulator plants"
Keywords:		"Biodegradation, Environmental India Mustard Plant/*chemistry Selenium/analysis Selenium Compounds/*analysis Soil/chemistry Soil Pollutants/*analysis Triticum/*chemistry Indian mustard Selenium Speciation Synchrotron Wheat Xanes;"
Notes:		"MedlineEiche, E Bardelli, F Nothstein, A K Charlet, L Gottlicher, J Steininger, R Dhillon, K S Sadana, U S eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2014/12/03 Sci Total Environ. 2015 Feb 1; 505:952-61. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.080. Epub 2014 Nov 7"