« Previous AbstractCosts of plant defense priming: exposure to volatile cues from a specialist herbivore increases short-term growth but reduces rhizome production in tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima)    Next AbstractHerbivory by an Outbreaking Moth Increases Emissions of Biogenic Volatiles and Leads to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Capacity »

J Insect Physiol

Title:		Giant polyploid epidermal cells and male pheromone production in the tephritid fruit fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Author(s):		Yip EC; Miko I; Ulmer JM; Cherim NA; Townley MA; Poltak S; Helms AM; De Moraes CM; Mescher MC; Tooker JF;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address: ecy7@cornell.edu. UNH Collection of Insects and other Arthropods, Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. University Instrumentation Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"
Journal Title:		J Insect Physiol
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210218
Issue:
Page Number:		104210 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104210
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1611 (Electronic) 0022-1910 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Eurosta solidaginis males produce large amounts of putative sex pheromone compared to other insect species; however, neither the site of pheromone production nor the release mechanism has been characterized. We compared E. solidaginis males and females, focusing on sexually dimorphic structures that are known to be involved in pheromone production in other tephritid species. Morphological and chemical analyses indicated that the rectum and pleural epidermis are involved in male E. solidaginis pheromone production, storage, or emission. We detected large quantities of pheromone in the enlarged rectum, suggesting that it stores pheromone for subsequent release through the anus. However, pheromone might also discharge through the pleural cuticle with the involvement of unusual pleural attachments of the tergosternal muscles, which, when contracted in males, realign specialized cuticular surface elements and expose less-sclerotized areas of cuticle. In males, pheromone components were also detected in epidermal cells of the pleuron. These cells were 60-100 times larger in mature males than in females and, to our knowledge, are the largest animal epithelial cells ever recorded. Furthermore, because these large cells in males are multinucleated, we presume that they develop through somatic polyploidization by endomitosis. Consequently, the pheromone-associated multinuclear pleural epidermal cells of Eurosta solidaginis may provide an interesting new system for understanding polyploidization"
Keywords:		Animals Epidermal Cells/*cytology Female Male *Polyploidy Sex Attractants/*biosynthesis Tephritidae/cytology/*physiology 1-Nonanol Bulbulate cuticle Conophthorin Gland Pheromone emission Rectum;
Notes:		"MedlineYip, Eric C Miko, Istvan Ulmer, Jonah M Cherim, Nancy A Townley, Mark A Poltak, Steffen Helms, Anjel M De Moraes, Consuelo M Mescher, Mark C Tooker, John F eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2021/02/22 J Insect Physiol. 2021 Apr; 130:104210. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104210. Epub 2021 Feb 18"