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Plant Biotechnol J

Title:		The genome of Cymbidium sinense revealed the evolution of orchid traits
Author(s):		Yang FX; Gao J; Wei YL; Ren R; Zhang GQ; Lu CQ; Jin JP; Ai Y; Wang YQ; Chen LJ; Ahmad S; Zhang DY; Sun WH; Tsai WC; Liu ZJ; Zhu GF;
Address:		"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Environmental Horticulture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China. Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China, Shenzhen, China. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China. Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"
Journal Title:		Plant Biotechnol J
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210825
Issue:		12
Page Number:		2501 - 2516
DOI:		10.1111/pbi.13676
ISSN/ISBN:		1467-7652 (Electronic) 1467-7644 (Print) 1467-7644 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The Orchidaceae is of economic and ecological importance and constitutes 10% of all seed plant species. Here, we report a genome physical map for Cymbidium sinense, a well-known species belonging to genus Cymbidium that has thousands of natural variation varieties of flower organs, flower and leaf colours and also referred as the King of Fragrance, which make it arose into a unique cultural symbol in China. The high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly was 3.52 Gb in size, 29 638 protein-coding genes were predicted, and evidence for whole-genome duplication shared with other orchids was provided. Marked amplification of cytochrome- and photosystem-related genes was observed, which was consistent with the shade tolerance and dark green leaves of C. sinense. Extensive duplication of MADS-box genes, and the resulting subfunctional and expressional differentiation, was associated with regulation of species-specific flower traits, including wild-type and mutant-type floral patterning, seasonal flowering and ecological adaption. CsSEP4 was originally found to positively regulate gynostemium development. The CsSVP genes and their interaction proteins CsAP1 and CsSOC1 were significantly expanded and involved in the regulation of low-temperature-dependent flowering. Important genetic clues to the colourful leaf traits, purple-black flowers and volatile trait in C. sinense were also found. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of important phenotypic traits of Cymbidium and its evolution and serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and molecular breeding of orchids"
Keywords:		"Flowers *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant *Orchidaceae/genetics Plant Leaves/genetics Species Specificity Cymbidium sinense anthocyanin flower patterning fragrance genome;"
Notes:		"MedlineYang, Feng-Xi Gao, Jie Wei, Yong-Lu Ren, Rui Zhang, Guo-Qiang Lu, Chu-Qiao Jin, Jian-Peng Ai, Ye Wang, Ya-Qin Chen, Li-Jun Ahmad, Sagheer Zhang, Di-Yang Sun, Wei-Hong Tsai, Wen-Chieh Liu, Zhong-Jian Zhu, Gen-Fa eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2021/08/04 Plant Biotechnol J. 2021 Dec; 19(12):2501-2516. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13676. Epub 2021 Aug 25"