| Title: | Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Elastomers via Low-Temperature Extrusion Process: Physico-Mechanical Properties and Volatile Organic Emission Assessment |
| Author(s): | Wisniewska P; Zedler L; Marc M; Klein M; Haponiuk J; Formela K; |
| Address: | "Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2073-4360 (Electronic) 2073-4360 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In this paper, low-temperature extrusion of ground tire rubber was performed as a pro-ecological waste tires recycling method. During this process, ground tire rubber was modified with constant content of dicumyl peroxide and a variable amount of elastomer (in the range: 2.5-15 phr). During the studies, three types of elastomers were used: styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride and ethylene-octene copolymer. Energy consumption measurements, curing characteristics, physico-mechanical properties and volatile organic compounds emitted from modified reclaimed GTR were determined. The VOCs emission profile was investigated using a passive sampling technique, miniature emission chambers system and static headspace analysis and subsequently quantitative or qualitative analysis by gas chromatography. The VOCs analysis showed that in the studied conditions the most emitted volatile compounds are dicumyl peroxide decomposition by-products, such as: alpha-methylstyrene, acetophenone, alpha-cumyl alcohol, methyl cumyl ether, while the detection level of benzothiazole (devulcanization 'marker') was very low. Moreover, it was found that the mechanical properties of the obtained materials significantly improved with a higher content of styrene-butadiene rubber and styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride while the opposite trend was observed for ethylene-octene copolymer content" |
| Keywords: | extrusion ground tire rubber modification physico-mechanical properties rubber recycling volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEWisniewska, Paulina Zedler, Lukasz Marc, Mariusz Klein, Marek Haponiuk, Jozef Formela, Krzysztof eng LIDER/6/0035/L-8/16/NCBR/2017/National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR, Poland)/ Switzerland 2022/02/16 Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jan 28; 14(3):546. doi: 10.3390/polym14030546" |
