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Protoplasma

Title:		"Involvement of metabolic components, volatile compounds, PR proteins, and mechanical strengthening in multilayer protection of cucumber plants against Rhizoctonia solani activated by Trichoderma atroviride TRS25"
Author(s):		Nawrocka J; Malolepsza U; Szymczak K; Szczech M;
Address:		"Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland. jnawrocka@biol.uni.lodz.pl. Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland. Institute of General Food Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-237, Lodz, Poland. Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland"
Journal Title:		Protoplasma
Year:		2018
Volume:		20170906
Issue:		1
Page Number:		359 - 373
DOI:		10.1007/s00709-017-1157-1
ISSN/ISBN:		1615-6102 (Electronic) 0033-183X (Print) 0033-183X (Linking)
Abstract:		"In the present study, the spread of Rhizoctonia solani-induced disease was limited when cucumber plants were pretreated with Trichoderma atroviride TRS25. The systemic disease suppression was related to TRS25-induced resistance (TISR) induction with simultaneous plant growth promotion. Protection of cucumber was related to enhanced activity of defense enzymes, e.g., guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as well as phenolic (PC) concentration increases in the conditions of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation, resulting in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) decrease. Moreover, the obtained results indicated that TISR might depend on accumulation of salicylic acid derivatives, that is methyl salicylate (MeSA), ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), salicylic acid glucosylated conjugates (SAGC), and beta-cyclocitral as well as volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as Z-3-hexanal, Z-3-hexenol, and E-2-hexenal. The results point to important, not previously documented, roles of these VOC in TISR signaling with up-regulation of PR1 and PR5 gene characteristic of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and of PR4 gene, marker of induced systemic resistance (ISR). The study established that TRS25 enhanced deposition of callose and lignin in specialized plant cells, which protected vascular system in cucumber shoots and roots as well as assimilation cells and dermal tissues in shoots and leaves. These compounds protected cucumber organs against R. solani influence and made them more flexible and resilient, which contributed to better nutrition and hydration of plants. The growth promotion coupled with systemic mobilization of biochemical and mechanical strengthening might be involved in multilayer protection of cucumber against R. solani activated by TRS25"
Keywords:		"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/*genetics Plant Proteins/*genetics Rhizoctonia/*chemistry Trichoderma/*chemistry Callose Genes Lignin Rhizoctonia solani Trichoderma Volatile compounds;"
Notes:		"MedlineNawrocka, Justyna Malolepsza, U Szymczak, K Szczech, M eng Austria 2017/09/08 Protoplasma. 2018 Jan; 255(1):359-373. doi: 10.1007/s00709-017-1157-1. Epub 2017 Sep 6"