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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Emissions of Nanoparticles and Gaseous Material from 3D Printer Operation
Author(s):		Kim Y; Yoon C; Ham S; Park J; Kim S; Kwon O; Tsai PJ;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University , 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University , 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University , 138, Sheng-Li Rd., Tainan 70428, Taiwan"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20151005
Issue:		20
Page Number:		12044 - 12053
DOI:		10.1021/acs.est.5b02805
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study evaluated the emissions characteristics of hazardous material during fused deposition modeling type 3D printing. Particulate and gaseous materials were measured before, during, and after 3D printing in an exposure chamber. One ABS and two PLA (PLA1 and PLA2) cartridges were tested three times. For online monitoring, a scanning mobility particle sizer, light scattering instrument, and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) monitor were employed and a polycarbonate filter and various adsorbent tubes were used for offline sampling. The particle concentration of 3D printing using ABS material was 33-38 times higher than when PLA materials were used. Most particles were nanosize (<100 nm) during ABS (96%) and PLA1 (98%) use, but only 12% were nanosize for PLA2. The emissions rates were 1.61 x 10(10) ea/min and 1.67 x 10(11) ea/g cartridge with the ABS cartridge and 4.27-4.89 x 10(8) ea/min and 3.77-3.91 x 10(9) ea/g cartridge with the PLA cartridge. TVOCs were also emitted when the ABS was used (GM; 155 ppb, GSD; 3.4), but not when the PLA cartridges were used. Our results suggest that more research and sophisticated control methods, including the use of less harmful materials, blocking emitted containments, and using filters or adsorbents, should be implemented"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Equipment Design Gases/analysis Nanoparticles/analysis Polymers/chemistry *Printing, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis;"
Notes:		"MedlineKim, Yuna Yoon, Chungsik Ham, Seunghon Park, Jihoon Kim, Songha Kwon, Ohhun Tsai, Perng-Jy eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2015/09/25 Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 20; 49(20):12044-53. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02805. Epub 2015 Oct 5"