| Title: | In vitro mineral nutrition of Curcuma longa L. affects production of volatile compounds in rhizomes after transfer to the greenhouse |
| Author(s): | El-Hawaz RF; Grace MH; Janbey A; Lila MA; Adelberg JW; |
| Address: | "Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA. rabiae@g.clemson.edu. Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12870-018-1345-y |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1471-2229 (Electronic) 1471-2229 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Turmeric is a rich source of bioactive compounds useful in both medicine and cuisine. Mineral concentrations effects (PO(4)(3-), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and KNO(3)) were tested during in vitro rhizome development on the ex vitro content of volatile constituents in rhizomes after 6 months in the greenhouse. A response surface method (D-optimal criteria) was repeated in both high and low-input fertilizer treatments. Control plants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, acclimatized in the greenhouse and grown in the field. The volatile constituents were investigated by GC-MS. RESULTS: The total content of volatiles was affected by fertilizer treatments, and in vitro treatment with Ca(2+) and KNO(3); but PO(4)(3-) and Mg(2+) had no significant effect. The content was higher in the high-input fertilizer treatments (49.7 +/- 9 mg/g DM) with 4 mM Ca(2+), 60 mM KNO(3) and 5 mM NH(4)(+), than the low-input fertilizer (26.6 +/- 9 mg/g DM), and the MS control (15.28 +/- 2.7 mg/g DM; 3 mM Ca(2+), 20 mM K(+), 39 mM NO(3)(-), 20 mM NH(4)(+), 1.25 mM PO(4)(3-), and 1.5 mM Mg(2+)). The interaction of Ca(2+) with KNO(3) affected curcumenol isomer I and II, germacrone, isocurcumenol, and beta-elemenone content. Increasing in vitro phosphate concentration to 6.25 mM increased ex vitro neocurdione and methenolone contents. CONCLUSION: These results show that minerals in the in vitro bioreactor medium during rhizome development affected biosynthesis of turmeric volatile components after transfer to the greenhouse six months later. The multi-factor design identified 1) nutrient regulation of specific components within unique phytochemical profile for Curcuma longa L. clone 35-1 and 2) the varied phytochemical profiles were maintained with integrity during the greenhouse growth in high fertility conditions" |
| Keywords: | Bioreactors Calcium/metabolism Curcuma/drug effects/*metabolism *Fertilizers Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry In Vitro Techniques Magnesium/metabolism Minerals/*pharmacology Nitrates/metabolism Phosphates/metabolism Potassium Compounds/metabolism Rhiz; |
| Notes: | "MedlineEl-Hawaz, Rabia F Grace, Mary H Janbey, Alan Lila, Mary Ann Adelberg, Jeffrey W eng England 2018/06/20 BMC Plant Biol. 2018 Jun 18; 18(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12870-018-1345-y" |
