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Front Microbiol

Title:		"Production, Storage Stability, and Susceptibility Testing of Reuterin and Its Impact on the Murine Fecal Microbiome and Volatile Organic Compound Profile"
Author(s):		Castellani C; Obermuller B; Kienesberger B; Singer G; Peterbauer C; Grabherr R; Mayrhofer S; Klymiuk I; Horvath A; Stadlbauer V; Russmayer H; Miekisch W; Fuchs P; Till H; Heinl S;
Address:		"Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Core Facility of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria. CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Vienna, Austria. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental Research Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"
Journal Title:		Front Microbiol
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210730
Issue:
Page Number:		699858 -
DOI:		10.3389/fmicb.2021.699858
ISSN/ISBN:		1664-302X (Print) 1664-302X (Electronic) 1664-302X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Background: Probiotics are generally considered as safe, but infections may rarely occur in vulnerable patients. Alternatives to live microorganisms to manage dysbiosis may be of interest in these patients. Reuterin is a complex component system exhibiting broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and a possible candidate substance in these cases. Methods: Reuterin supernatant was cultured from Lentilactobacillus diolivorans in a bioreactor in a two-step process. Storage stability at -20 degrees C and effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was tested against Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus (S.) agalactiae, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. Male BALBc mice were gavage fed with reuterin supernatant (n = 10) or culture medium (n = 10). Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) were assessed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy; the microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The supernatant contained 13.4 g/L reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde; 3-HPA). 3-HPA content remained stable at -20 degrees C for 35 days followed by a slow decrease of its concentration. Repeated freezing/thawing caused a slow 3-HPA decrease. Antimicrobial activity was encountered against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. agalactiae. Microbiome analysis showed no differences in alpha and beta diversity markers. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_COE1 and Ruminoclostridium_5_uncultured_Clostridiales_ bacterium (in the reuterin medium group) and Desulfovibrio_uncultured_ bacterium, Candidatus Arthromitus, Ruminococcae_NK4A214_group, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group (in the reuterin group) as markers for group differentiation. VOC analysis showed a significant decrease of heptane and increase of 3-methylbutanal in the reuterin group. Conclusion: The supernatant produced in this study contained acceptable amounts of 3-HPA remaining stable for 35 days at -20 degrees C and exhibiting an antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. epidermidis. Under in vivo conditions, the reuterin supernatant caused alterations of the fecal microbiome. In the fecal, VOC analysis decreased heptane and increased 3-methylbutanal were encountered. These findings suggest the high potential of the reuterin system to influence the intestinal microbiome in health and disease, which needs to be examined in detail in future projects"
Keywords:		3-hydroxypropionaldehyde antimicrobial activity microbiome postbiotics reuterin volatile organic compound;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINECastellani, Christoph Obermuller, Beate Kienesberger, Bernhard Singer, Georg Peterbauer, Clemens Grabherr, Reingard Mayrhofer, Sigrid Klymiuk, Ingeborg Horvath, Angela Stadlbauer, Vanessa Russmayer, Hannes Miekisch, Wolfram Fuchs, Patricia Till, Holger Heinl, Stefan eng Switzerland 2021/08/17 Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 30; 12:699858. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699858. eCollection 2021"