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Biodegradation

Title:		Assessment of biostimulation and bioaugmentation for removing chlorinated volatile organic compounds from groundwater at a former manufacture plant
Author(s):		Zhang S; Hou Z; Du XM; Li DM; Lu XX;
Address:		"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States. shuzhang113@ucla.edu. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China. ESD China Limited, 100102, Beijing, China. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Biodegradation
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160628
Issue:		4-Jun
Page Number:		223 - 236
DOI:		10.1007/s10532-016-9768-3
ISSN/ISBN:		1572-9729 (Electronic) 0923-9820 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Site in a former chemical manufacture plant in China was found contaminated with high level of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). The major contaminants chloroform (CF), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and vinyl chloride (VC) in groundwater were up to 4.49 x 10(4), 2.76 x 10(6) and 4.35 x 10(4) mug/L, respectively. Ethene and methane were at concentrations up to 2219.80 and 165.85 mug/L, respectively. To test the hypothesis that the CVOCs in groundwater at this site could be removed via biodegradation, biomarker analyses and microcosm studies were conducted. Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA gene and VC-reductase gene vcrA at densities up to 1.5 x 10(4) and 3.2 x 10(4) copies/L were detected in some of the groundwater samples, providing strong evidence that dechlorinating bacteria were present in the aquifer. Results from the microcosm studies showed that at moderate concentrations (CF about 4000 mug/L and 1,2-DCA about 100 mug/L), CF was recalcitrant under natural condition but was degraded under biostimulation and bioaugmentation, while 1,2-DCA was degraded under all the three conditions. At high concentration (CF about 1,000,000 mug/L and 1,2-DCA about 20,000 mug/L), CF was recalcitrant under all the three treatments and 1,2-DCA was only degraded under bioaugmentation, indicating that high concentrations of contaminants were inhibitory to the bacteria. Electron donors had influence on the degradation of contaminants. Of the four fatty acids (pyruvate, acetate, propionate and lactate) examined, all could stimulate the degradation of 1,2-DCA at both moderate and high concentrations, whereas only pyruvate and acetate could stimulate the degradation of CF at moderate concentration. In the microcosms, the observed first-order degradation rates of CF and 1,2-DCA were up to 0.12 and 0.11/day, respectively. Results from the present study provided scientific basis for remediating CVOCs contaminated groundwater at the site"
Keywords:		"Bacteria/*metabolism Biodegradation, Environmental Chloroform/isolation & purification/metabolism Ethylene Dichlorides/isolation & purification/metabolism Groundwater/*analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/*isolation & purification/metabolism Water Pollutan;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Shu Hou, Zhen Du, Xiao-Ming Li, Dong-Ming Lu, Xiao-Xia eng Netherlands 2016/06/29 Biodegradation. 2016 Nov; 27(4-6):223-236. doi: 10.1007/s10532-016-9768-3. Epub 2016 Jun 28"