| Title: | Effect of temperature control on the metabolite content in exhaled breath condensate |
| Author(s): | Zamuruyev KO; Borras E; Pettit DR; Aksenov AA; Simmons JD; Weimer BC; Schivo M; Kenyon NJ; Delplanque JP; Davis CE; |
| Address: | "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95617, USA; Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: cedavis@ucdavis.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.025 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-4324 (Electronic) 0003-2670 (Print) 0003-2670 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The non-invasive, quick, and safe collection of exhaled breath condensate makes it a candidate as a diagnostic matrix in personalized health monitoring devices. The lack of standardization in collection methods and sample analysis is a persistent limitation preventing its practical use. The collection method and hardware design are recognized to significantly affect the metabolomic content of EBC samples, but this has not been systematically studied. Here, we completed a series of experiments to determine the sole effect of collection temperature on the metabolomic content of EBC. Temperature is a likely parameter that can be controlled to standardize among different devices. The study considered six temperature levels covering two physical phases of the sample; liquid and solid. The use of a single device in our study allowed keeping saliva filtering and collector surface effects as constant parameters and the temperature as a controlled variable; the physiological differences were minimized by averaging samples from a group of volunteers and a period of time. After EBC collection, we used an organic solvent rinse to collect the non-water-soluble compounds from the condenser surface. This additional matrix enhanced metabolites recovery, was less dependent on temperature changes, and may possibly serve as an additional pointer to standardize EBC sampling methodologies. The collected EBC samples were analyzed with a set of mass spectrometry methods to provide an overview of the compounds and their concentrations present at each temperature level. The total number of volatile and polar non-volatile compounds slightly increased in each physical phase as the collection temperature was lowered to minimum, 0?ª+ degrees C for liquid and -30, -56?ª+ degrees C for solid. The low-polarity non-volatile compounds showed a weak dependence on the collection temperature. The metabolomic content of EBC samples may not be solely dependent on temperature but may be influenced by other phenomena such as greater sample dilution due to condensation from the ambient air at colder temperatures, or due to adhesion properties of the collector surface and occurring chemical reactions. The relative importance of other design parameters such as condenser coating versus temperature requires further investigation" |
| Keywords: | *Artifacts Breath Tests/*instrumentation/*methods *Equipment Design *Exhalation Humans Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation *Metabolomics/instrumentation/methods *Temperature Analytical methods Breath metabolomics Collection temperature control Exhaled breat; |
| Notes: | "MedlineZamuruyev, Konstantin O Borras, Eva Pettit, Dayna R Aksenov, Alexander A Simmons, Jason D Weimer, Bart C Schivo, Michael Kenyon, Nicholas J Delplanque, Jean-Pierre Davis, Cristina E eng U01 EB022003/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ T32 HL007013/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ P42 ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P30 ES023513/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ UG3 OD023365/OD/NIH HHS/ K23 HL127185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ UL1 TR000002/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ UH3 OD023365/OD/NIH HHS/ Netherlands 2018/07/18 Anal Chim Acta. 2018 May 2; 1006:49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.025. Epub 2017 Dec 30" |
