| Title: | Accumulation of 5-hydroxynorvaline in maize (Zea mays) leaves is induced by insect feeding and abiotic stress |
| Author(s): | Yan J; Lipka AE; Schmelz EA; Buckler ES; Jander G; |
| Address: | "Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, USA. Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Chemistry Research Unit, Gainesville, FL, USA. Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1460-2431 (Electronic) 0022-0957 (Print) 0022-0957 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants produce a wide variety of defensive metabolites to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens. Non-protein amino acids, which are present in many plant species, can have a defensive function through their mis-incorporation during protein synthesis and/or inhibition of biosynthetic pathways in primary metabolism. 5-Hydroxynorvaline was identified in a targeted search for previously unknown non-protein amino acids in the leaves of maize (Zea mays) inbred line B73. Accumulation of this compound increases during herbivory by aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis, corn leaf aphid) and caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua, beet armyworm), as well as in response to treatment with the plant signalling molecules methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. In contrast, ethylene signalling reduced 5-hydroxynorvaline abundance. Drought stress induced 5-hydroxynorvaline accumulation to a higher level than insect feeding or treatment with defence signalling molecules. In field-grown plants, the 5-hydroxynorvaline concentration was highest in above-ground vegetative tissue, but it was also detectable in roots and dry seeds. When 5-hydroxynorvaline was added to aphid artificial diet at concentrations similar to those found in maize leaves and stems, R. maidis reproduction was reduced, indicating that this maize metabolite may have a defensive function. Among 27 tested maize inbred lines there was a greater than 10-fold range in the accumulation of foliar 5-hydroxynorvaline. Genetic mapping populations derived from a subset of these inbred lines were used to map quantitative trait loci for 5-hydroxynorvaline accumulation to maize chromosomes 5 and 7" |
| Keywords: | "Amino Acids/chemistry/*metabolism Animals Aphids/physiology Ascomycota/physiology Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Fluorescence Herbivory/*physiology Inbreeding Insecta/*physiology Plant Leaves/*metabolism Spodoptera/physiology *Stress, Physiological;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineYan, Jian Lipka, Alexander E Schmelz, Eric A Buckler, Edward S Jander, Georg eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2014/10/02 J Exp Bot. 2015 Feb; 66(2):593-602. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru385. Epub 2014 Sep 30" |
