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Environ Entomol

Title:		"A New Gall Midge Species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Inducing Flower Galls on Clinopodium nepeta (Lamiaceae) From Europe, Its Phenology, and Associated Fungi"
Author(s):		Bernardo U; Nugnes F; Gualtieri L; Nicoletti R; Varricchio P; Sasso R; Viggiani G;
Address:		"CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy. Department of Agriculture, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy. Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Rome, Italy. ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Laboratorio SSPT-BIOAG-SOQUAS, Roma, Italy"
Journal Title:		Environ Entomol
Year:		2018
Volume:		47
Issue:		3
Page Number:		609 - 622
DOI:		10.1093/ee/nvy028
ISSN/ISBN:		1938-2936 (Electronic) 0046-225X (Linking)
Abstract:		"A new gall midge, Asphondylia nepetae sp. n. Viggiani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causing flower gall on Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), is described from Europe. The morphological characteristics of adult, larvae, and pupa are described and illustrated. Molecular approach (by sequencing 28S-D2, ITS2, and COI) confirmed that A. nepetae is a distinct species. The development of the gall is always associated with the presence of the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.: Fr.) Ces. and De Not. (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae). The new species can complete several generations per year, on the flowers of the same host plant and its adults emerge from late spring to autumn. Pupae overwinter inside peculiar flower galls in a state of quiescence. The impact of the pest is highly variable with a percentage of flowers infested that ranged between 3 and 57.5% in the sampled years. Insect mortality was, at least in part, due to parasitoids that attack the young stages of the midge. Among them, the dominant species was Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer) (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)"
Keywords:		Animals Ascomycota/*physiology Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis Food Chain *Herbivory Hymenoptera/physiology Insect Proteins/analysis Italy Lamiaceae/microbiology/*physiology Larva/classification/growth & development/parasitology/physiology Nematoce;
Notes:		"MedlineBernardo, Umberto Nugnes, Francesco Gualtieri, Liberata Nicoletti, Rosario Varricchio, Paola Sasso, Raffaele Viggiani, Gennaro eng England 2018/03/14 Environ Entomol. 2018 Jun 6; 47(3):609-622. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy028"