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Plant Cell Physiol

Title:		Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis thaliana Determines Flower Opening Time Early in the Morning and Dominantly Closes Early in the Afternoon
Author(s):		Muroya M; Oshima H; Kobayashi S; Miura A; Miyamura Y; Shiota H; Onai K; Ishiura M; Manabe K; Kutsuna S;
Address:		"Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University, Seto 22, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027 Japan. Centre for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-kuKyoto 606-8502Japan"
Journal Title:		Plant Cell Physiol
Year:		2021
Volume:		62
Issue:		5
Page Number:		883 - 893
DOI:		10.1093/pcp/pcab048
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-9053 (Electronic) 0032-0781 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Many plant species exhibit diurnal flower opening and closing, which is an adaptation influenced by the lifestyle of pollinators and herbivores. However, it remains unclear how these temporal floral movements are modulated. To clarify the role of the circadian clock in flower movement, we examined temporal floral movements in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wild-type (accessions; Col-0, Ler-0 and Ws-4) flowers opened between 0.7 and 1.4 h in a 16-h light period and closed between 7.5 and 8.3 h in a diurnal light period. In the arrhythmic mutants pcl1-1 and prr975, the former flowers closed slowly and imperfectly and the latter ones never closed. Under continuous light conditions, new flowers emerged and opened within a 23-26 h window in the wild-type, but the flowers in pcl1-1 and prr975 developed straight petals, whose curvatures were extremely small. Anti-phasic circadian gene expression of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLE (LHY) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) occurred in wild-type flowers, but non-rhythmic expression was observed in pcl1-1 and prr975 mutants. Focusing on excised petals, bioluminescence monitoring revealed rhythmic promoter activities of genes expressed (CCA1, LHY and PHYTOCLOCK 1/LUX ARRHYTHMO, PCL1/LUX) in the morning and evening. These results suggest that the clock induces flower opening redundantly with unknown light-sensing pathways. By contrast, flower closing is completely dependent on clock control. These findings will lead to further exploration of the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary diversity of timing in flower opening and closing"
Keywords:		"Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics Circadian Clocks/genetics/*physiology DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics Flowers/genetics/*physiology *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Light Luminescent Measurements Mutation Plants, Genetically;"
Notes:		"MedlineMuroya, Mitsuhiko Oshima, Haruka Kobayashi, Shoko Miura, Aya Miyamura, Yohei Shiota, Hajime Onai, Kiyoshi Ishiura, Masahiro Manabe, Katsushi Kutsuna, Shinsuke eng 26650128/The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ Japan 2021/04/07 Plant Cell Physiol. 2021 Oct 1; 62(5):883-893. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcab048"