« Previous AbstractMicroextraction techniques in breath biomarker analysis    Next AbstractCell-specific visualization of jasmonates in wounded tomato and Arabidopsis leaves using jasmonate-specific antibodies »

Toxicology

Title:		Acute inhalative exposure assessment: derivation of guideline levels with special regard to sensitive subpopulations and time scaling
Author(s):		Mielke H; Gundert A; Abraham K; Gundert-Remy U;
Address:		"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany. h.mielke@bfr.bund.de"
Journal Title:		Toxicology
Year:		2005
Volume:		20050801
Issue:		3
Page Number:		256 - 267
DOI:		10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.018
ISSN/ISBN:		0300-483X (Print) 0300-483X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Risk assessment for acute airborne exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including exposure to chemical warfare agents, requires consideration of local and systemic effects at high concentrations. The operating procedure developed by the US Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) committee has gained special attention, in part because of the international collaboration in the project. The procedure defines three levels (AEGL-1: discomfort; AEGL-2: irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse effects; AEGL-3: life-threatening effects or death) for different exposure times (10 and 30 min, and 1, 4 and 8 h). In this article, the methodology for deriving AEGL values is reported. Extending the areas covered by the existing AEGL methodology, sensitive subpopulations are dealt with in more detail. Sensitive persons are expected to suffer from stronger effects when exposed to a given external concentration. Using a kinetic model with the sample substance dichloromethane (DCM), the higher internal exposure of children is quantified and compared to a healthy, young adult. The difference is shown to depend on age, on dose, and on duration of exposure. Furthermore, several ways are presented to derive AEGL values for exposure times which differ from the exposure duration in animal studies ('time scaling'). In comparison to the conventional procedure, the alternative approaches are based on mechanistic models of the toxicodynamic effect. Use of these models results in AEGL values which are biologically justified"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity Guidelines as Topic Hazardous Substances/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity Humans *Inhalation Exposure/analysis/standards Maximum Allowable Concentration *Models, Theoretical Public Health Risk Assessment Threshold Limit;"
Notes:		"MedlineMielke, Hans Gundert, Anna Abraham, Klaus Gundert-Remy, Ursula eng Ireland 2005/08/02 Toxicology. 2005 Oct 30; 214(3):256-67. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.018. Epub 2005 Aug 1"