| Title: | Concealed ester formation and amino acid metabolism to volatile compounds in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries |
| Author(s): | Maoz I; Rikanati RD; Schlesinger D; Bar E; Gonda I; Levin E; Kaplunov T; Sela N; Lichter A; Lewinsohn E; |
| Address: | "Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel. Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel. Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel. Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel. Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel. Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel. Electronic address: twefraim@volcani.agri.gov.il" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.020 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-2259 (Electronic) 0168-9452 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile esters contribute to the aroma and flavor of many fruits but are normally absent in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.). To examine the biosynthetic potential of grape berries to form volatile esters, berry sections were incubated with exogenous L-Phe, L-Leu or L-Met. In general, amino-acid incubation caused the accumulation of the respective aldehydes and alcohols. Moreover, L-Leu incubation resulted in the accumulation of 3-methylbutyl acetate and L-Phe incubation resulted in the accumulation 2-phenylethyl acetate in 'Muscat Hamburg' but not in the other grape accessions. Exogenous L-Met administration did not result in volatile esters accumulation but the accumulation of sulfur volatile compounds such as methional and dimethyl disulfide was prominent. Berry-derived cell-free extracts displayed differential alcohol acetyltransferase activities and supported the formation of 3-methylbutyl acetate and benzyl acetate. 2-Phenylethyl acetate was produced only in 'Muscat Hamburg' cell-free extracts. VvAAT2, a newly characterized gene, was preferentially expressed in 'Muscat Hamburg' berries and functionally expressed in E. coli. VvAAT2 possesses alcohol acetyltransferase activity utilizing benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, hexanol or 3-methylbutanol as substrates. Our study demonstrates that grape berries have a concealed potential to accumulate volatile esters and this process is limited by substrate availability" |
| Keywords: | Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism Amino Acids/*metabolism Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism Esters/*metabolism Fruit/genetics/*metabolism Phenylethyl Alcohol/metabolism Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Substrate Specificity Vitis/genetics/*meta; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMaoz, Itay Rikanati, Rachel Davidovich Schlesinger, Daniel Bar, Einat Gonda, Itay Levin, Elena Kaplunov, Tatiana Sela, Noa Lichter, Amnon Lewinsohn, Efraim eng Ireland 2018/08/07 Plant Sci. 2018 Sep; 274:223-230. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.020. Epub 2018 May 24" |
