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Environ Int

Title:		Associations between airborne crude oil chemicals and symptom-based asthma
Author(s):		Lawrence KG; Niehoff NM; Keil AP; Braxton Jackson W; Christenbury K; Stewart PA; Stenzel MR; Huynh TB; Groth CP; Ramachandran G; Banerjee S; Pratt GC; Curry MD; Engel LS; Sandler DP;
Address:		"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Social and Scientific Systems Inc, a DLH Holdings company, Durham, NC, USA. Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, VA, USA. Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC, Arlington, VA, USA. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: sandler@niehs.nih.gov"
Journal Title:		Environ Int
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220727
Issue:
Page Number:		107433 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envint.2022.107433
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6750 (Electronic) 0160-4120 (Print) 0160-4120 (Linking)
Abstract:		"RATIONALE: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM(2)(.5) from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthma risk among oil spill cleanup workers. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the relationship between asthma and several oil spill-related exposures including job classes, THC, individual BTEX-H chemicals, the BTEX-H mixture, and PM(2.5) using data from the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study, a prospective cohort of 24,937 cleanup workers and 7,671 nonworkers following the DWH disaster. METHODS: Our analysis largely focused on the 19,018 workers without asthma before the spill who had complete exposure, outcome, and covariate information. We defined incident asthma 1-3 years following exposure using both self-reported wheeze and self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma. THC and BTEX-H were assigned to participants based on measurement data and work histories, while PM(2.5) used modeled estimates. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between spill-related exposures and asthma and a quantile-based g-computation approach to explore the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture on asthma risk. RESULTS: OSRC workers had greater asthma risk than nonworkers (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85). Higher estimated THC exposure levels were associated with increased risk in an exposure-dependent manner (linear trend test p < 0.0001). Asthma risk also increased with increasing exposure to individual BTEX-H chemicals and the chemical mixture: A simultaneous quartile increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with an increased asthma risk of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.35,1.55). With fewer cases, associations were less apparent for physician-diagnosed asthma alone. CONCLUSIONS: THC and BTEX-H were associated with increased asthma risk defined using wheeze symptoms as well as a physician diagnosis"
Keywords:		Humans *Asthma/epidemiology Benzene/analysis Hydrocarbons/analysis Particulate Matter/adverse effects/analysis *Petroleum/adverse effects *Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects/analysis Prospective Studies Asthma Btex-h Mixtures Oil spills Total hydrocarbon;
Notes:		"MedlineLawrence, Kaitlyn G Niehoff, Nicole M Keil, Alexander P Braxton Jackson, W 2nd Christenbury, Kate Stewart, Patricia A Stenzel, Mark R Huynh, Tran B Groth, Caroline P Ramachandran, Gurumurthy Banerjee, Sudipto Pratt, Gregory C Curry, Matthew D Engel, Lawrence S Sandler, Dale P eng P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ ZIA ES102945/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Netherlands 2022/08/04 Environ Int. 2022 Sep; 167:107433. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107433. Epub 2022 Jul 27"