| Title: | Draize rabbit eye test compatibility with eye irritation thresholds in humans: a quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis |
| Author(s): | Abraham MH; Hassanisadi M; Jalali-Heravi M; Ghafourian T; Cain WS; Cometto-Muniz JE; |
| Address: | "Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, England, UK. m.h.abraham@ucl.ac.uk" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1096-6080 (Print) 1096-0929 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Draize rabbit eye test scores, as modified maximum average score (MMAS), for 68 pure bulk liquids were adjusted by the liquid-saturated vapor pressure P. These 68 adjusted scores, as log (MMAS/P), were shown to be completely equivalent to eye irritation thresholds (EIT), expressed as log (1/EIT), for 23 compounds in humans. Thus, for the first time the Draize eye test in rabbits for pure bulk liquids is shown to be perfectly compatible with eye irritation thresholds in humans. The total data set for 91 compounds was analyzed by the general solvation equation of Abraham. Values of log (MMAS/P) or log (1/EIT) could be fitted to a five-parameter equation with R2 = 0.936, SD = 0.433, AD = 0.000, and AAD = 0.340 over a range of 9.6 log units. When divided into a training set of 45 compounds, the corresponding equation could be used to predict the remaining 46 compounds in a test set with AD = -0.037 and AAD = 0.345 log units. Thus, the 91-compound equation can now be used to predict further EIT values to around 0.4 log units. It is suggested that the mechanism of action in the Draize test and in the human EIT involves passive transfer of the compound to a biophase that is quite polar, is a strong hydrogen bond base, a moderate hydrogen bond acid, and quite hydrophobic. The biophase does not resemble water or plasma, but resembles an organic solvent such as N-methylformamide" |
| Keywords: | "*Animal Testing Alternatives Animals Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Eye/*drug effects/pathology Humans Irritants/chemistry/classification/*toxicity *Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Rabbits Species Specificity Toxicity Tests/*methods Volatil;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineAbraham, Michael H Hassanisadi, Mostafa Jalali-Heravi, Mehdi Ghafourian, Taravat Cain, William S Cometto-Muniz, J Enrique eng DC 005003/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ R01 DC 02741/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2003/09/30 Toxicol Sci. 2003 Dec; 76(2):384-91. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg242. Epub 2003 Sep 26" |
