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Environ Toxicol Pharmacol

Title:		"Detection rates, trends in and factors affecting observed levels of selected volatile organic compounds in blood among US adolescents and adults"
Author(s):		Jain RB;
Address:		"2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA 30019, USA. Electronic address: Jain.Ram.B@Gmail.com"
Journal Title:		Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170901
Issue:
Page Number:		21 - 28
DOI:		10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.031
ISSN/ISBN:		1872-7077 (Electronic) 1382-6689 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to evaluate detection rates, trend in and factors affecting the observed levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene among US adolescents and adults over 2005-2012. Over 2005-20102, among adolescents, detection rates declined by more than 50% for benzene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, and among adults, detection rates declined by more than 50% for ethylbenzene and o-xylene and by a little less than 50% for benzene. Among adults, adjusted levels of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, toluene, and m/p-xylene decreased by 13.7%, 17.1%, 20%, 17.7%, 23.2%, and 18.7% respectively for every two-year survey cycle. Among adolescents, percentage decline in the levels of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene was 15.2%, 21.4%, 19.3%, 16.1%, 47.8%, and 17.7% respectively for every two year survey period. The ratio of adjusted geometric means for adult smokers as compared to adult nonsmokers was 10.7 for benzene, 3.5 for ethylbenzene, 2.0 for o-xylene, 3.4 for styrene, 3.5 for toluene, and 2.2 for m/p-xylene. Among adolescents, gender did not affect the adjusted levels of any of the seven VOCs, and the order in which adjusted levels for 1, 4-dichlorobenzene by race/ethnicity was observed was: non-Hispanic white (0.038ng/mL)
Keywords:		Adolescent Adult Benzene Derivatives/blood Environmental Monitoring/*methods Female Humans Male Nutrition Surveys Sensitivity and Specificity Smoking/*blood/ethnology Styrene/blood Toluene/blood United States/ethnology Volatile Organic Compounds/*blood Xy;
Notes:		"MedlineJain, Ram B eng Netherlands 2017/09/05 Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Dec; 56:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.031. Epub 2017 Sep 1"