| Title: | Biochar changes the bioavailability and bioefficacy of the allelochemical coumarin in agricultural soils |
| Author(s): | Gamiz B; Lopez-Cabeza R; Velarde P; Spokas KA; Cox L; |
| Address: | "Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla, Spain. Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St Paul, MN, USA" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1526-4998 (Electronic) 1526-498X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Allelochemicals can act as biopesticides or enhance the action of synthetic pesticides. In this work, we assessed the bioavailability of the allelochemical coumarin in soils amended with fresh or field-aged biochars (BCs). The fresh BC from oak wood (Fresh BC) was prepared at 550 degrees C and was buried for aging in two different places: in a sandy loam soil in Spain for 15 months (Aged BC_1) and a sandy loam soil in USA for six months (Aged BC_2). RESULTS: Sorption experiments showed that all BCs were able to increase the affinity of soil towards coumarin, with the distribution coefficient following the order: unamended soil < Aged BC_2-amended soil < Aged BC_1-amended soil < Fresh BC-amended soil. All biochars ensure greater persistence of coumarin and the effect was more pronounced at high chemical dose (10 mg kg(-1) ). Conversely, leaching studies in soil columns revealed that BCs were able to maintain coumarin within the first 5 cm of top-soil with total amount extracted ranging between 17% and 22% for BC-amended soil and <1% for unamended soil. Leaching was only observed when coumarin was added at the highest rate. Likewise, the bioefficacy of coumarin against lettuce was enhanced only at 10 kg ha(-1) with BC-amended soil. CONCLUSIONS: Biochar application to agricultural soils is a promising tool for the management of natural compounds with potential use as biopesticides, such as coumarin, because it increases sorption, persistence and, in some cases, bioefficacy. The results reveal that this effect still persists with aging of BC in soils" |
| Keywords: | Adsorption Biological Availability Charcoal Coumarins Pheromones *Soil *Soil Pollutants/analysis Spain aged biochar biodegradation bound residues leaching organic amendments soil weathering; |
| Notes: | "MedlineGamiz, Beatriz Lopez-Cabeza, Rocio Velarde, Pilar Spokas, Kurt A Cox, Lucia eng AGL2016-77821-R/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ PID2019-109456RB-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ England 2020/09/15 Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Feb; 77(2):834-843. doi: 10.1002/ps.6086. Epub 2020 Sep 24" |
