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Endokrynol Pol

Title:		Differences in sex hormone levels in the menstrual cycle due to tobacco smoking - myth or reality?
Author(s):		Florek E; Piekoszewski W; Czarnywojtek A; Sedziak A; Jawien W; Dera-Szymanowska A; Szukalska M; Szymanowski K; Chuchracki M; Ruchala M;
Address:		"Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. eflorek@ump.edu.pl. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia. Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. Department of Perinatology and Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Kaliska Academy them. President Stanislaw Wojciechowski, Kalisz, Poland. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"
Journal Title:		Endokrynol Pol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20211202
Issue:		1
Page Number:		16 - 25
DOI:		10.5603/EP.a2021.0097
ISSN/ISBN:		2299-8306 (Electronic) 0423-104X (Linking)
Abstract:		"INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoke contains, among others, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic analogues, aromatic amines, N-nitrosamines, volatile hydrocarbons, aldehydes, phenols, miscellaneous organic compounds, metals, and inorganic compounds. Tobacco smoking can harm women's reproductive system and may reduce fertility. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of tobacco smoke on the menstrual cycle due to smoking and second-hand smoke-exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 153 women of reproductive age, who received care at the Gynaecological-Obstetric Clinical Hospital of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. They were divided into three treatment groups: non-smokers, secondhand smokers, and smokers. Comprehensive assessment of all hormone levels: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17beta-oestradiol (E2), and progesterone (P), in the various phases of the menstrual cycle and with concomitant determinations of serum cotinine concentrations was performed. The menstrual cycle was observed with ultrasonography. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking may be an important factor in disrupting reproduction: 1. The increase in the oestradiol E2 level was accompanied by significantly lowered serum cotinine concentrations in tobacco smokers; 2. In smoking patients, the serum level of LH significantly increased on the first days of the menstrual cycle; 3. The higher levels of P (in the 14th and 21st days) were assumed to be the result of a longer menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Active and passive smoking may be an important contributor to reproductive health issues and deserves greater focus in health education programs directed towards women of reproductive age"
Keywords:		Estradiol Female Follicle Stimulating Hormone Humans *Luteinizing Hormone *Menstrual Cycle Pregnancy Progesterone Tobacco Smoking/adverse effects fertility menstrual cycle sex hormones tobacco smoking;
Notes:		"MedlineFlorek, Ewa Piekoszewski, Wojciech Czarnywojtek, Agata Sedziak, Anna Jawien, Wojciech Dera-Szymanowska, Anna Szukalska, Marta Szymanowski, Krzysztof Chuchracki, Marek Ruchala, Marek eng Poland 2021/12/03 Endokrynol Pol. 2022; 73(1):16-25. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2021.0097. Epub 2021 Dec 2"