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Vet Parasitol

Title:		Attract or repel Amblyomma sculptum ticks: Screening of semiochemicals
Author(s):		Ferreira LL; de Oliveira Filho JG; de Oliveira Silva F; Lacerda Ferraz AL; Mascarin GM;
Address:		"Escola de Veterinaria, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, CP 567, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: loren4_lopes@hotmail.com. Escola de Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperanca, s/n, Campus Universitario, CEP: 74690-900, Goiania, Goias, Brazil. Electronic address: jaires_filho@hotmail.com. Escola de Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperanca, s/n, Campus Universitario, CEP: 74690-900, Goiania, Goias, Brazil. Electronic address: oliveiras.fer@outlook.com. Clarion Biociencias Ltda, Rua 11, Qd 7. Lt 47 a 55, Polo Empresarial de Goias, Aparecida de Goiania, Goias, Brazil. Electronic address: ferrazal.vet@gmail.com. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria - Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, km 127,5, CP 69, CEP: 13820-000, Jaguariuna, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriel.mascarin@embrapa.br"
Journal Title:		Vet Parasitol
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200121
Issue:
Page Number:		109036 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109036
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-2550 (Electronic) 0304-4017 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Amblyomma sculptum is a tick of medical-veterinary importance. Areas with high infestations need to be monitored, and parasitized hosts treated accordingly. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) traps and acaricides are commonly deployed as control measures, although with some disadvantages such as high costs, challenging logistics and vertebrate intoxication. Semiochemicals have the potential to improve tick attraction to traps and monitoring devices and alleviate the burden of A. sculptum infestations. Four concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 %) of 13 semiochemical candidates (CO(2) only at 5 % as the standard, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2,6 diclorophenol, R-limonene, S-limonene, methyl salicylate, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, isobutyric acid and lactic acid) were tested on unfed A. sculptum nymphs and adults using a Y-tube olfactometer to evaluated repellence and attraction behaviors. All stages tested were attracted to CO(2), whereas nymphs were repelled by benzaldehyde and R-limonene, both at 10 %, and isobutyric acid at 5 and 10 %. Nymphs were attracted by methyl salicylate, benzoic acid and salicylic acid, all at 1.25 %, and by ammonium hydroxide at 2.5 %. Males were attracted by benzoic acid at 2.5 %, while females were repelled by benzaldehyde at 5 %. Mixtures with the attractive compounds achieved no attraction response. The compounds that caused attractiveness in the olfactometer assay (CO(2), methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ammonium hydroxide) were placed randomly in traps in a grassland plot naturally infested with A. sculptum in triplicate. Notably, dry ice (CO(2)) remained the best at luring ticks in the field (P < 0.001). Benzoic acid should be further investigated since attractant activity was strongly confirmed in both laboratory and field tests. On the other hand, isobutyric acid and R-limonene could be better exploited due to their repellent role revealed by the lab assay, which makes them worthwhile molecules as natural repellents for the management of this tick"
Keywords:		Animals Insect Repellents/*pharmacology Ixodidae/*drug effects Pheromones/*pharmacology Tick Infestations/*prevention & control Alternative tick control Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato Attractant Field trial Repellent Y-tube olfactometer;
Notes:		"MedlineFerreira, Lorena Lopes de Oliveira Filho, Jaires Gomes de Oliveira Silva, Fernanda Lacerda Ferraz, Ana Livia Mascarin, Gabriel Moura eng Netherlands 2020/02/01 Vet Parasitol. 2020 Feb; 278:109036. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109036. Epub 2020 Jan 21"