| Title: | "Changes in Toxin Production, Morphology and Viability of Gymnodinium catenatum Associated with Allelopathy of Chattonella marina var. marina and Gymnodinium impudicum" |
| Author(s): | Fernandez-Herrera LJ; Band-Schmidt CJ; Zenteno-Savin T; Leyva-Valencia I; Hernandez-Guerrero CJ; Hernandez-Sandoval FE; Bustillos-Guzman JJ; |
| Address: | "Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz C.P. 23096, BCS, Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz C.P. 23096, BCS, Mexico. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia-Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CONACyT, IPN-CICIMAR), Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz C.P. 23096, BCS, Mexico" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2072-6651 (Electronic) 2072-6651 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Allelopathy between phytoplankton organisms is promoted by substances released into the marine environment that limit the presence of the dominating species. We evaluated the allelopathic effects and response of cell-free media of Chattonella marina var. marina and Gymnodinium impudicum in the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. Additionally, single- and four-cell chains of G. catenatum isolated from media with allelochemicals were cultured to evaluate the effects of post exposure on growth and cell viability. Cell diagnosis showed growth limitation and an increase in cell volume, which reduced mobility and led to cell lysis. When G. catenatum was exposed to cell-free media of C. marina and G. impudicum, temporary cysts and an increased concentration of paralytic shellfish toxins were observed. After exposure to allelochemicals, the toxin profile of G. catenatum cells in the allelopathy experiments was composed of gonyautoxins 2/3 (GTX2/3), decarcarbamoyl (dcSTX, dcGTX2/3), and the sulfocarbamoyl toxins (B1 and C1/2). A difference in toxicity (pg STXeq cell-1) was observed between G. catenatum cells in the control and those exposed to the filtrates of C. marina var. marina and G. impudicum. Single cells of G. catenatum had a lower growth rate, whereas chain-forming cells had a higher growth rate. We suggest that a low number of G. catenatum cells can survive the allelopathic effect. We hypothesize that the survival strategy of G. catenatum is migration through the chemical cloud, encystment, and increased toxicity" |
| Keywords: | Allelopathy *Dinoflagellida Humans Marine Toxins/toxicity Pheromones/pharmacology *Shellfish Poisoning allelochemical chemical ecology paralytic shellfish toxins; |
| Notes: | "MedlineFernandez-Herrera, Leyberth Jose Band-Schmidt, Christine Johanna Zenteno-Savin, Tania Leyva-Valencia, Ignacio Hernandez-Guerrero, Claudia Judith Hernandez-Sandoval, Francisco Eduardo Bustillos-Guzman, Jose Jesus eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2022/09/23 Toxins (Basel). 2022 Sep 3; 14(9):616. doi: 10.3390/toxins14090616" |
