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J Occup Environ Hyg

Title:		Inhalation exposure to cleaning products: application of a two-zone model
Author(s):		Earnest CM; Corsi RL;
Address:		"Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA"
Journal Title:		J Occup Environ Hyg
Year:		2013
Volume:		10
Issue:		6
Page Number:		328 - 335
DOI:		10.1080/15459624.2013.782198
ISSN/ISBN:		1545-9632 (Electronic) 1545-9624 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In this study, modifications were made to previously applied two-zone models to address important factors that can affect exposures during cleaning tasks. Specifically, we expand on previous applications of the two-zone model by (1) introducing the source in discrete elements (source-cells) as opposed to a complete instantaneous release, (2) placing source cells in both the inner (near person) and outer zones concurrently, (3) treating each source cell as an independent mixture of multiple constituents, and (4) tracking the time-varying liquid concentration and emission rate of each constituent in each source cell. Three experiments were performed in an environmentally controlled chamber with a thermal mannequin and a simplified pure chemical source to simulate emissions from a cleaning product. Gas phase concentration measurements were taken in the bulk air and in the breathing zone of the mannequin to evaluate the model. The mean ratio of the integrated concentration in the mannequin's breathing zone to the concentration in the outer zone was 4.3 (standard deviation, sigma = 1.6). The mean ratio of measured concentration in the breathing zone to predicted concentrations in the inner zone was 0.81 (sigma = 0.16). Intake fractions ranged from 1.9 x 10(-3) to 2.7 x 10(-3). Model results reasonably predict those of previous exposure monitoring studies and indicate the inadequacy of well-mixed single-zone model applications for some but not all cleaning events"
Keywords:		"Air Movements Detergents/*analysis/chemistry Inhalation Exposure/*analysis Manikins Models, Theoretical Occupational Exposure/*analysis Ventilation Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/chemistry;"
Notes:		"MedlineEarnest, C Matt Corsi, Richard L eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Validation Study England 2013/04/11 J Occup Environ Hyg. 2013; 10(6):328-35. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2013.782198"