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Poult Sci

Title:		Essential oils and their nanoemulsions as green alternatives to antibiotics in poultry nutrition: a comprehensive review
Author(s):		Abd El-Hack ME; El-Saadony MT; Saad AM; Salem HM; Ashry NM; Abo Ghanima MM; Shukry M; Swelum AA; Taha AE; El-Tahan AM; AbuQamar SF; El-Tarabily KA;
Address:		"Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza,12211, Egypt. Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt. Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt. Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt. Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt. Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates. Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: ktarabily@uaeu.ac.ae"
Journal Title:		Poult Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20211108
Issue:		2
Page Number:		101584 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.psj.2021.101584
ISSN/ISBN:		1525-3171 (Electronic) 0032-5791 (Print) 0032-5791 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Increasing market pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics and the Veterinary Feed Directive of 2019 have led to expanded research on alternate antibiotic solutions. This review aimed to assess the benefits of using essential oils (EOs) and their nanoemulsions (NEs) as feed supplements for poultry and their potential use as antibiotic alternatives in organic poultry production. Antibiotics are commonly used to enhance the growth and prevent diseases in poultry animals due to their antimicrobial activities. EOs are a complex mixture of volatile compounds derived from plants and manufactured via various fermentation, extraction, and steam distillation methods. EOs are categorized into 2 groups of compounds: terpenes and phenylpropenes. Differences among various EOs depend on the source plant type, physical and chemical soil conditions, harvest time, plant maturity, drying technology used, storage conditions, and extraction time. EOs can be used for therapeutic purposes in various situations in broiler production as they possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral activities. Several studies have been conducted using various combinations of EOs or crude extracts of their bioactive compounds to investigate their complexity and applications in organic poultry production. NEs are carrier systems that can be used to overcome the volatile nature of EOs, which is a major factor limiting their application. NEs are being progressively used to improve the bioavailability of the volatile lipophilic components of EOs. This review discusses the use of these nonantibiotic alternatives as antibiotics for poultry feed in organic poultry production"
Keywords:		"Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents *Anti-Infective Agents Chickens *Oils, Volatile Poultry antibiotic alternatives essential oils nanoemulsions organic poultry;"
Notes:		"MedlineAbd El-Hack, Mohamed E El-Saadony, Mohamed T Saad, Ahmed M Salem, Heba M Ashry, Noha M Abo Ghanima, Mahmoud M Shukry, Mustafa Swelum, Ayman A Taha, Ayman E El-Tahan, Amira M AbuQamar, Synan F El-Tarabily, Khaled A eng Review England 2021/12/24 Poult Sci. 2022 Feb; 101(2):101584. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101584. Epub 2021 Nov 8"