| Title: | The Gastropod Menace: Slugs on Brassica Plants Affect Caterpillar Survival through Consumption and Interference with Parasitoid Attraction |
| Author(s): | Desurmont GA; Zemanova MA; Turlings TC; |
| Address: | "Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland. gaylord.desurmont@unine.ch. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland. Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-016-0682-2 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Terrestrial molluscs and insect herbivores play a major role as plant consumers in a number of ecosystems, but their direct and indirect interactions have hardly been explored. The omnivorous nature of slugs makes them potential disrupters of predator-prey relationships, as a direct threat to small insects and through indirect, plant-mediated effects. Here, we examined the effects of the presence of two species of slugs, Arion rufus (native) and A. vulgaris (invasive) on the survivorship of young Pieris brassicae caterpillars when feeding on Brassica rapa plants, and on plant attractiveness to the main natural enemy of P. brassicae, the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. In two separate predation experiments, caterpillar mortality was significantly higher on plants co-infested with A. rufus or A. vulgaris. Moreover, caterpillar mortality correlated positively with slug mass and leaf consumption by A. vulgaris. At the third trophic level, plants infested with slugs and plants co-infested with slugs and caterpillars were far less attractive to parasitoids than plants damaged by caterpillars only, independently of slug species. Chemical analyses confirmed that volatile emissions, which provide foraging cues for parasitoids, were strongly reduced in co-infested plants. Our study shows that the presence of slugs has the potential to affect insect populations, directly via consumptive effects, and indirectly via changes in plant volatiles that result in a reduced attraction of natural enemies. The fitness cost for P. brassicae imposed by increased mortality in presence of slugs may be counterbalanced by the benefit of escaping its parasitoids" |
| Keywords: | Animals Brassica/*parasitology Butterflies/*physiology *Feeding Behavior Gastropoda/*physiology *Host-Parasite Interactions Hymenoptera/*physiology Predatory Behavior Smell Herbivore-induced plant volatiles Indirect defense Infochemical networks Intraguil; |
| Notes: | "MedlineDesurmont, Gaylord A Zemanova, Miriam A Turlings, Ted C J eng 2016/03/24 J Chem Ecol. 2016 Mar; 42(3):183-92. doi: 10.1007/s10886-016-0682-2. Epub 2016 Mar 22" |
