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Curr Res Microb Sci

Title:		"Histidine kinase two-component response regulators Ssk1, Skn7 and Rim15 differentially control growth, developmental and volatile organic compounds emissions as stress responses in Trichoderma atroviride"
Author(s):		Cruz-Magalhaes V; Nieto-Jacobo MF; Rostas M; Echaide-Aquino JF; Esquivel-Naranjo EU; Stewart A; Loguercio LL; Mendoza-Mendoza A;
Address:		"Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Ellesmere Jct Rd, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand. Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil. Plant & Food Research Gerald St, Lincoln, New Zealand. Department of Crop Sciences, Agricultural Entomology, University of Gottingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, Gottingen 37073, Germany. Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Ellesmere Jct Rd, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand. Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico. The Foundation for Arable Research, Templeton, New Zealand. Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Rod BR 415, Km 16, Ilheus-BA 45662-900, Brazil"
Journal Title:		Curr Res Microb Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220518
Issue:
Page Number:		100139 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100139
ISSN/ISBN:		2666-5174 (Electronic) 2666-5174 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The Skn7, Ssk1 and Rim15 proteins are response regulators involved in osmotic, oxidative and nutritional stress in fungi. In order to verify the involvement of these genes in Trichoderma atroviride IMI206040's growth, conidiation, direct antagonism against plant pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with fungistatic effect, and interaction with plants (growth promotion), single mutants were generated, and the phenotypic patterns were analysed in comparison to the wild-type (wt) strain. The mutants were submitted to osmotic, oxidative, membrane and cell wall stress conditions in vitro. The Deltaskn7 and Deltarim15 mutants did not show either significant differences at morphological level, or marked decreases in mycelial growth and conidiation in relation to wt, whereas Deltassk1 had altered phenotypes in most conditions tested. The plant-growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings induced by VOCs was not quantitatively modified by any of the mutants in relation to the wt strain, although possible differences in secondary root hairs was noticed for Deltarim15. The fungistatic activity was significantly altered for Deltassk1 and Deltarim15. Overall, the Deltassk1 strain showed remarkable morphological differences, with decrease in mycelial growth and conidiation, being also affected in the antagonistic capacity against plant pathogens. The impacts demonstrated by the deletion of ssk1 suggest this gene has a relevant participation in the signalling response to different stresses in T. atroviride and in the interactive metabolism with phytopathogens and plants. On the other hand, unlike other fungal models, Skn7 did not appear to have a critical participation in the above-mentioned processes; Rim15 seemed to confirm its involvement in modulating cellular responses to nutritional status, although with a possible cross-talk with other cellular processes. Our results suggest that Ssk1 likely plays a key regulatory role, not only in basic metabolisms of T. atroviride, but also in biocontrol-related characteristics"
Keywords:		Arabidopsis thaliana Biological control Environmental stress Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINECruz-Magalhaes, Valter Nieto-Jacobo, Maria Fernanda Rostas, Michael Echaide-Aquino, Jesus Francisco Esquivel-Naranjo, Edgardo Ulises Stewart, Alison Loguercio, Leandro L Mendoza-Mendoza, Artemio eng Netherlands 2022/08/02 Curr Res Microb Sci. 2022 May 18; 3:100139. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100139. eCollection 2022"