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Dev Psychobiol

Title:		Amniotic fluid elicits appetitive responses in human newborns: fatty acids and appetitive responses
Author(s):		Contreras CM; Gutierrez-Garcia AG; Mendoza-Lopez R; Rodriguez-Landa JF; Bernal-Morales B; Diaz-Marte C;
Address:		"Unidad Periferica Xalapa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico. ccontreras@uv.mx"
Journal Title:		Dev Psychobiol
Year:		2013
Volume:		20120207
Issue:		3
Page Number:		221 - 231
DOI:		10.1002/dev.21012
ISSN/ISBN:		1098-2302 (Electronic) 0012-1630 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In humans, maternal cues guide newborns to the maternal breast, and transitional cues may be present in maternal-fetal fluids. The aim of the present study was to determine the consistent presence of sensorial cues in three maternal-fetal fluids--amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk--and test the ability of these cues to produce appetitive responses in newborns. In the analytical study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detected eight fatty acids consistently present in the amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk from 12 healthy volunteers, but we do not find a mammalian pheromone, identified in another mammalian species (rabbits), in another 30 volunteers. In the behavioral study, we explored the ability of amniotic fluid or its fatty acids to produce appetitive responses in 19 human newborns <24 hr after birth. Exposure to swabs impregnated with amniotic fluid or an artificial fatty acid mixture produced a longer duration of facial reactions that suggested appetitive (sucking) movements compared with respective vehicles (i.e., propylene glycol or centrifuged amniotic fluid with a low fatty acid content verified by GC-MS). We conclude that the fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid may constitute a transitional sensorial cue that guides newborns to the maternal breast"
Keywords:		"Adolescent Adult Amniotic Fluid/*chemistry Analysis of Variance Appetitive Behavior/*physiology Colostrum/*chemistry Fatty Acids/*analysis/physiology Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Infant, Newborn/*physiology/psychology Milk, Human/*ch;"
Notes:		"MedlineContreras, Carlos M Gutierrez-Garcia, Ana G Mendoza-Lopez, Remedios Rodriguez-Landa, Juan Francisco Bernal-Morales, Blandina Diaz-Marte, Cynthia eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2012/02/09 Dev Psychobiol. 2013 Apr; 55(3):221-31. doi: 10.1002/dev.21012. Epub 2012 Feb 7"