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Front Oncol

Title:		A Panel of Bile Volatile Organic Compounds Servers as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Gallbladder Cancer
Author(s):		Zhang X; Gui X; Zhang Y; Liu Q; Zhao L; Gao J; Ji J; Zhang Y;
Address:		"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China. Department of Research and Development, Hanon Advanced Technology Group Co., Ltd, Jinan, China"
Journal Title:		Front Oncol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220330
Issue:
Page Number:		858639 -
DOI:		10.3389/fonc.2022.858639
ISSN/ISBN:		2234-943X (Print) 2234-943X (Electronic) 2234-943X (Linking)
Abstract:		"As no reliable diagnostic methods are available, gallbladder cancer (GBC) is often diagnosed until advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. In the present study, we assessed whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be used as a diagnostic tool for GBC. The VOCs in bile samples collected from 32 GBC patients were detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and 54 patients with benign gallbladder diseases (BGD) were used as controls. Both principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis gave a clear separation of GBC and BGD based on the bile VOC data collected from GC-IMS. A total of 12 differentially expressed VOCs were identified, including four upregulated (cyclohexanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, acetophenone, and methyl benzoate) and eight downregulated [methyl acetate, (E)-hept-2-enal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-pentenal, pentan-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, and (E)-2-octenal] in GBC compared with BGD. ROC analysis demonstrated a 12-VOC panel con-structed by four machine learning algorithms, which was superior to the traditional tumor marker, CA19-9. Among them, support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis provided the highest AUCs of 0.972, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.4% in the diagnosis of GBC. Collectively, VOCs might be used as a potential tool for the diagnosis of GBC"
Keywords:		bile biomarker diagnosis gallbladder cancer volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEZhang, Xin Gui, Xinru Zhang, Yanli Liu, Qi Zhao, Liqiang Gao, Jingxian Ji, Jian Zhang, Yi eng Switzerland 2022/04/19 Front Oncol. 2022 Mar 30; 12:858639. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858639. eCollection 2022"