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Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Title:		Chemotropism and Cell-Cell Fusion in Fungi
Author(s):		Clark-Cotton MR; Jacobs KC; Lew DJ;
Address:		"Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Universitygrid.26009.3d, Durham, North Carolina, USA"
Journal Title:		Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220209
Issue:		1
Page Number:		e0016521 -
DOI:		10.1128/mmbr.00165-21
ISSN/ISBN:		1098-5557 (Electronic) 1092-2172 (Print) 1092-2172 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fungi exhibit an enormous variety of morphologies, including yeast colonies, hyphal mycelia, and elaborate fruiting bodies. This diversity arises through a combination of polar growth, cell division, and cell fusion. Because fungal cells are nonmotile and surrounded by a protective cell wall that is essential for cell integrity, potential fusion partners must grow toward each other until they touch and then degrade the intervening cell walls without impacting cell integrity. Here, we review recent progress on understanding how fungi overcome these challenges. Extracellular chemoattractants, including small peptide pheromones, mediate communication between potential fusion partners, promoting the local activation of core cell polarity regulators to orient polar growth and cell wall degradation. However, in crowded environments, pheromone gradients can be complex and potentially confusing, raising the question of how cells can effectively find their partners. Recent findings suggest that the cell polarity circuit exhibits searching behavior that can respond to pheromone cues through a remarkably flexible and effective strategy called exploratory polarization"
Keywords:		Cell Communication Cell Fusion *Chemotaxis Pheromones/metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism Cdc42 Gpcr anastomosis cell polarity fungi mating pheromone yeast;
Notes:		"MedlineClark-Cotton, Manuella R Jacobs, Katherine C Lew, Daniel J eng R35 GM122488/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ T32 GM136627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ HHMI/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 2022/02/10 Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2022 Mar 16; 86(1):e0016521. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.00165-21. Epub 2022 Feb 9"