| Title: | Seasonal Variation in Raw Milk VOC Profile within Intensive Feeding Systems |
| Author(s): | Zacometti C; Tata A; Massaro A; Riuzzi G; Bragolusi M; Cozzi G; Piro R; Khazzar S; Gerardi G; Gottardo F; Segato S; |
| Address: | "Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy. Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2304-8158 (Print) 2304-8158 (Electronic) 2304-8158 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The study aimed to assess the seasonal variation in raw milk volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from three indoor feeding systems based on maize silage (n = 31), silages/hay (n = 19) or hay (n = 16). After headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), VOC profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Chemical and VOC (log(10) transformations of the peak areas) data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to assess the feeding system (FS) and season (S) effects; an interactive principal component analysis (iPCA) was also performed. The interaction FS x S was never significant. The FS showed the highest (p < 0.05) protein and casein content for hay-milk samples, while it did not affect any VOCs. Winter milk had higher (p < 0.05) proportions of protein, casein, fat and some carboxylic acids, while summer milk was higher (p < 0.05) in urea and 2-pentanol and methyl aldehydes. The iPCA confirmed a seasonal spatial separation. Carboxylic acids might generate from incomplete esterification in the mammary gland and/or milk lipolytic activity, while aldehydes seemed to be correlated with endogenous lipid or amino acid oxidation and/or feed transfer. The outcomes suggested that VOCs could be an operative support to trace raw milk for further mild processing" |
| Keywords: | interactive principal component analysis milking season raw milk volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEZacometti, Carmela Tata, Alessandra Massaro, Andrea Riuzzi, Giorgia Bragolusi, Marco Cozzi, Giulio Piro, Roberto Khazzar, Sara Gerardi, Gabriele Gottardo, Flaviana Segato, Severino eng BIRD project n. 213148/University of Padua/ Switzerland 2023/05/13 Foods. 2023 Apr 30; 12(9):1871. doi: 10.3390/foods12091871" |
