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Int J Environ Res Public Health

Title:		Volatile Organic Compounds in Underground Shopping Districts in Korea
Author(s):		Won SR; Ghim YS; Kim J; Ryu J; Shim IK; Lee J;
Address:		"Indoor Environment and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea. Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea"
Journal Title:		Int J Environ Res Public Health
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210521
Issue:		11
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijerph18115508
ISSN/ISBN:		1660-4601 (Electronic) 1661-7827 (Print) 1660-4601 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Underground shopping districts (USDs) are susceptible to severe indoor air pollution, which can adversely impact human health. We measured 24 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 13 USDs throughout South Korea from July to October 2017, and the human risk of inhaling hazardous substances was evaluated. The sum of the concentrations of the 24 VOCs was much higher inside the USDs than in the open air. Based on factor analysis, six indoor air pollution sources were identified. Despite the expectation of a partial outdoor effect, the impacts of the indoor emissions were significant, resulting in an indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of 5.9 and indicating elevated indoor air pollution. However, the effects of indoor emissions decreased, and the contributions of the pollution sources reduced when the USD entrances were open and the stores were closed. Although benzene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde exhibited lower concentrations compared to previous studies, they still posed health risks in both indoor and outdoor settings. Particularly, while the indoor excess cancer risk (ECR) of formaldehyde was ~10 times higher than its outdoor ECR, benzene had a low I/O ratio (1.1) and a similar ECR value. Therefore, indoor VOC concentrations could be reduced by managing inputs of open air into USDs"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Environmental Monitoring Formaldehyde/analysis Humans Republic of Korea *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis carcinogenic risk indoor air quality principal component factor analysis source apportion;"
Notes:		"MedlineWon, Soo Ran Ghim, Young Sung Kim, Jeonghoon Ryu, Jungmin Shim, In-Keun Lee, Jongchun eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2021/06/03 Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 21; 18(11):5508. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115508"