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Reprod Fertil Dev

Title:		The role of 5alpha-reduction in steroid hormone physiology
Author(s):		Wilson JD;
Address:		"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-8857, USA. jwils1@mednet.swmed.edu"
Journal Title:		Reprod Fertil Dev
Year:		2001
Volume:		13
Issue:		7-Aug
Page Number:		673 - 678
DOI:		10.1071/rd01074
ISSN/ISBN:		1031-3613 (Print) 1031-3613 (Linking)
Abstract:		"A role for 5alpha-reduction in androgen physiology was first established with the recognition that dihydrotestosterone, the 5alpha-reduced metabolite of testosterone, is formed in many androgen target tissues, binds to the androgen receptor with greater affinity than testosterone, and plays an essential role in virilization of the urogenital sinus and urogenital tubercle during male development. Two 5alpha-reductases perform this reaction, and both isoenzymes utilize NADPH as cofactor and have broad specificity for steroids containing a delta4,3-keto configuration. 5alpha-Reduction, which is essentially irreversible, flattens the steroid molecule because of altered relation of the A and B rings, and stabilizes the hormone-receptor complex. Studies involving in vitro reporter gene assays and intact mice in which both isoenzymes are disrupted, indicate that the fundamental effect of dihydrotestosterone formation is to amplify hormonal signals that can be mediated by testosterone at higher concentrations. 5alpha-Reduction also plays a role in the action of other steroid hormones, including the plant growth hormone, brassinolide, the boar pheromones, androstanol and androstenol, progesterone (in some species), and, possibly, aldosterone and cortisol. The fact that the reaction is important in plants and animals implies a fundamental role in steroid hormone action"
Keywords:		"3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/*metabolism Androgens/*physiology Animals Brassinosteroids Cholestanols/metabolism Dihydrotestosterone/metabolism Humans Isoenzymes/metabolism NADP/metabolism Plants/metabolism Receptors, Androgen/metabolism Steroids, ;"
Notes:		"MedlineWilson, J D eng Review Australia 2002/05/10 Reprod Fertil Dev. 2001; 13(7-8):673-8. doi: 10.1071/rd01074"