« Previous AbstractWhy does the UK need a Human Taphonomy Facility?    Next Abstract"Synthesis and characterization of a new sorbent for use in the determination of volatile, complex-forming organic compounds in air" »

Oncogene

Title:		"The role of cyclooxygenases in inflammation, cancer, and development"
Author(s):		Williams CS; Mann M; DuBois RN;
Address:		"Department of Medicine, The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA"
Journal Title:		Oncogene
Year:		1999
Volume:		18
Issue:		55
Page Number:		7908 - 7916
DOI:		10.1038/sj.onc.1203286
ISSN/ISBN:		0950-9232 (Print) 0950-9232 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyze a key step in the conversion of arachidonate to PGH2, the immediate substrate for a series of cell specific prostaglandin and thromboxane synthases. Prostaglandins play critical roles in numerous biologic processes, including the regulation of immune function, kidney development, reproductive biology, and gastrointestinal integrity. There are two COX isoforms, which differ mainly in their pattern of expression. COX-1 is expressed in most tissues, whereas COX-2 usually is absent, but is induced by numerous physiologic stimuli. Surprisingly, disruption of Cox1 (Ptgs1) in the mouse did not result in gastrointestinal abnormalities. cox-2 (Ptgs2) null mice show reproductive anomalies and defects in kidney development. Epidemiologic, animal, and human data indicate that NSAIDs, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, are chemopreventive for colon cancer. COX-2 is overexpressed in 50% of benign polyps and 80-85% of adenocarcinomas. Offspring from cox-2 null by Apcdelta716 matings exhibit an 86% reduction in polyp number when compared to offspring from control animals, thus providing genetic evidence that COX-2 contributes to tumor formation or growth. The in vivo mechanism by which COX-2 affects tumor growth has not been determined. It is possible that both tumor and stromally derived COX-2 could influence tumor angiogenesis and/ or immune function"
Keywords:		Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use Colonic Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics/prevention & control Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics Cyclooxygenase 1 Cyclooxygenase 2 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use *Em;
Notes:		"MedlineWilliams, C S Mann, M DuBois, R N eng DK 47297/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ P01CA-77839/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P030 ES-00267-29/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review England 2000/01/12 Oncogene. 1999 Dec 20; 18(55):7908-16. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203286"